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Dairy cattle section feeding management technology
Dairy cows are managed in batches and managed in groups and positioned to feed. Group management means that adult cows are intensively managed according to the lactation stage, and reserve cows are separately managed on a monthly basis. Positioning and rearing means that no matter a cow or a reserve cow, a fixed bed is required for feeding and management. Fixed feeding program to stabilize the feed variety. Regardless of whether it is rough after finishing fine, or after finishing first, the feeding program should be relatively fixed and should not be arbitrarily changed. Feed varieties should be stable and there should be a transition period of about one week when changing feeds. Ingredients must be reasonable and scientific. Diets are formulated according to nutritional needs to ensure that the dry matter is fed and the energy and crude protein nutrition balance is maintained. The winter diet should be properly increased energy feed, summer diets should be properly increased protein feed. The stadium configuration must be complete. A feeding trough, a sink, and a salt tank should be set up in the stadium so that cows can freely feed on roughage and drinking water. Do not feed moldy deteriorating feed in summer; do not feed frozen feed in winter and do not drink cold water. Fixed breeders. Stable keepers, do not change frequently. The breeder should be familiar with each cow and must constantly observe the mental state and feed intake of the cow, and have a good relationship with the cow. Keep the cowhouse cool in winter and cool in summer. In winter, attention should be paid to keep warm, and heat should be taken to cool down. Temperatures below -15°C must be kept warm, temperatures above 26°C, and cooling measures must be taken. Pay attention to hygiene management. Keep the inside and outside of the barn and the sports field clean and hygienic. Sports ground excrement should be cleared in time, and the ground should be filled with water in summer and winter without ice. Feeding and milking utensils should be cleaned in time. The bovine body should be brushed every day to keep the body clean. Strict milking procedures. Milking should follow the operating procedures. The milker should be stable, the milking time should be fixed every day, and the milking sequence should be reasonable. Lactating Cows Cluster Feeding Management Feeding management during dry milk period Low concentrates High coarse material. Reducing the amount of concentrate feed, increasing the amount of roughage feed, and stopping the feeding of succulent feeds, the dry matter content of the diet accounts for about 1.7% of the body weight, the ratio of fine dry matter to 30:70 is appropriate, and the amount of mixed concentrates accounts for 0.7% of the body weight. Around, calcium to phosphorus ratio of 1.6:1. Stop milk safely. Mastitis examination should be conducted before stopping milk, and cows should be cured and then stopped for milk. The method of stopping the milk should adopt the fast dry milk method and inject the dry milk into the teat after the last milking. After breast-feeding, check the breast regularly and find that the abnormality has been dealt with promptly. The proportion of feeding and management feed during the prolific lactation period should be reasonable. Ensure dry matter intake, increase crude dry matter ratio, and increase dietary energy concentration. Dietary dry matter accounts for 3% to 4% of body weight, crude dry matter ratio of 60:40, ratio of dry matter stored in grass to 50:50, calcium to phosphorous ratio of 1.5:1, and mixed concentrate feed amount of 2% of body weight. %, at the same time, increase the amount of good palatability succulent feed and dregs feed. The milk ratio is 2.5:1. Balance feed nutrition. Pay attention to the balance between energy feed and protein feed in the mixed concentrate. Excessive amounts of energy feeds, especially carbohydrates, can cause the pH of the rumen to fall, trigger ruminal acidosis, and cause a decrease in the fat percentage. Excessive protein feed can easily cause ketosis, and at the same time insufficient energy feed can lead to a decrease in protein synthesis. Maintain a reasonable level of nutrition. Dietary dry matter accounts for 2% to 2.5% of body weight, crude dry matter ratio of 40:60 to 50:50, ratio of grass-stem dry matter to 50:50 calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.6:1, and the amount of mixed concentrate feed to body weight 1 %-1.5%. With the decrease of milk production, the amount of concentrate feed should be gradually reduced to increase the amount of roughage feed. Milk ratio 2.5:1 to 2:1. Also pay attention to miscarriage and prevent miscarriage.
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