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Apricot's Standardized Management
1 The row spacing of plants is 1.0-1.5mx2.0-2.5m, often 1mx2m row spacing, north-south direction. Planting and digging the planting ditch according to the line, ditch backfill soil, apply about 25 kilograms of organic fertilizer per plant: After planting, pour enough water, and cover the film; seedlings should be selected two years production of apricot seedlings, seedling height 1.2m or more, to the side branch ( The secondary branches) are more full-fledged finished seedlings. After planting, it is not dry, and the lateral branches are short to 10 cm long. 2 Shaping plastic apricot shaping mainly spindle. As mentioned above, when selecting seedlings, biennial apricot seedlings with more lateral branches should be used. This kind of nursery stock is not difficult to get. There are 3 to 5 lateral branches at the position 40 cm above the neck, which is the ideal seedling. The lateral branch is the main branch in the future. After entering the growth period, the horizontal growth of each main branch should be maintained. The main branch was cultivated as a result branch. The branches on the back of the main branch should be erased in time; the side branches with relatively flat sides can leave a part of it and sparsely, leaving it to be strictly controlled. When the central leaders extend their heads to grow, they can also produce 2 to 3 small main branches. The length of all main branches shall be 1.5m or less, and the length shall be shorter and longer. The branches sent from the trunk 0.5~1.5cm above the ground during the growing season shall be cultivated as the preparation or remediation of the later main branch. The lack of main branch. 3 Crown control measures 1. Limit root growth, which is an effective measure to control the crown. After the second year of colonization, the growth of the tree was strong and it was possible to cut off some of the main branches and large lateral roots in the new shoots. 2. Use paclobutrazol. This is a widely used method for apricots. Because the amount of soil applied is not easy to grasp, it is generally sneezing. The principle is "a small number of times" with a concentration of 100-200 mg/kg. Before the new shoot is approaching the ideal length, it is sprayed every 10 to 15 days until the new shoot is basically stopped. If the growth is particularly strong, the spraying interval can be shortened. Apricot has two spring shoots and two shoot shoots. It usually takes 3 to 5 times of paclobutrazol for each of the two long seasons. 4 artificial hypnosis through artificial methods, increase the effective low temperature time, so that the tree into the dormancy earlier. In this way, the sheds can be buckled early to achieve the goal of early maturity. A simple method is to expel the grasshoppers at night to store cold, cover the grasshoppers during the day to keep the temperature low, and monitor the temperature inside the shelter to make it at 0-7.2°C. Artificial hypnosis can be started from the apricot deciduous until the required cooling capacity of the plant variety is met. 5 after the shed management 1. buckle time. Theoretically, sheds can be baited after natural or artificial dormancy is released. However, in actual operation, factors such as shed increasing capacity, thermal insulation performance, and local climate characteristics must be considered in order to obtain the best economic shed time. In the Guanzhong area of ​​Shaanxi Province, the shed is often held after January: 2. Flower and fruit management. The main method is artificially assisted pollination, including the use of bees, wall bees pollination, or artificial pollination. The key to pollination is the collection of pollen. After pollen is collected, it can be given and pollen sprayed. In addition, reasonable fruit must be kept, and fruits with very high fruit setting rate should be fruit-squeezed. The fruit thinning time is 3 weeks after flowering. More fruit on the short fruit branch, followed by the bouquet fruit branch, fruit on the fruit branch. Generally each fruit branch can be left 1 to 2 fruit. 3. Fertilizer management. The fertilizer application amount in the greenhouse is less than that in the open field, and the fertilizer application amount is generally equivalent to 1/3 of the open land. Pay attention to foliar dressing, in the early stage mainly by spraying urea, later (after the hard core period) to spray urea plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace elements. There is not much water in the greenhouse, and generally, as long as the water is poured before the shed, the whole growing season can no longer be watered. 4. New shoot management. The main task is to prevent new shoots from growing and consume nutrients. Can use sparse, twist tip, repeated picking and other means to control the growth of new shoots. 6 Management after uncovering 1. Summer management. After the fruit is harvested (generally from late April to early January), the film is peeled off and it enters the summer management. The main task of summer management is pruning, focusing on eliminating upright branches, dense branches and retracting long main branches. In addition, pest control is an important part of summer management. 2. Autumn management. After the new shoots were parked, they continued to remove the dense branches, retract the thin and weak branches, and shorten the long fruit branches. Pull branches to open the main branch angle, completely improve the light of the whole park. In September, Shiji Fei, mainly organic fertilizer, applied high quality organic fertilizer of 25 kg or more and a small amount of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.
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