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Summer field crops fertilizer considerations
In summer, the combination of high temperatures and abundant rainfall creates ideal conditions for crop growth. The sunny days also provide ample sunlight for photosynthesis, allowing plants to produce essential carbohydrates. These carbohydrates need significant amounts of nitrogen to synthesize amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids—key components for plant development. For staple crops like wheat, corn, and rice, summer is a critical period when they transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. During this time, their rapid development demands large quantities of nutrients, especially nitrogen and potassium, which makes top-dressing an important agricultural practice.
Field crops, such as cereals, are typically top-dressed with nitrogen fertilizers. However, economic crops like vegetables, tobacco, grapes, and cotton often require both nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during this season. For instance, in spring corn cultivation, urea is commonly used as a base fertilizer, but half of it is applied as a top-dress in late July or early August. This method can boost nitrogen use efficiency by 10 to 20 percentage points. It clearly shows that applying nitrogen as a top-dress is far more effective than using it all as a base fertilizer.
When applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in summer, it's crucial to incorporate them into the soil rather than leaving them on the surface. This helps prevent nitrogen loss due to volatilization and reduces potassium fixation on the soil surface. Proper application techniques ensure that the nutrients are efficiently absorbed by the plants, maximizing yield and minimizing environmental impact.
It's also important to note that during the hot and rainy season, top-dressing should be done carefully. Covering the fertilizers with a thin layer of soil can significantly reduce nutrient loss and improve overall effectiveness. Farmers who follow these best practices can achieve better results and contribute to sustainable agriculture.