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Scientific use of farmyard fertilizer
Compost, green manure, and animal manures are all commonly referred to as farmyard fertilizers. While they all provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, each has unique properties and different applications. Proper use of these fertilizers not only boosts crop yield and quality but also enhances soil structure and long-term fertility. Below is a detailed guide on how to use several common types of farmyard fertilizers effectively in agricultural practices.
First, composting. You can use weeds, crop residues, and other organic materials to make compost. It's best to prepare it during spring or autumn and apply it as a base fertilizer before planting. Composting helps recycle waste and improves soil texture.
Second, green manure. This is ideal for leguminous crops, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen through rhizobia bacteria. Use it as a base fertilizer or top dressing to enrich the soil naturally.
Third, sheep manure. It’s considered a "hot" fertilizer due to its high nutrient content. Mix it with pig manure to balance its effects. It works well in cooler soils and shaded areas.
Fourth, pig manure. Rich in organic matter and essential nutrients, it can be applied to various soil types, especially those that are well-drained and warm.
Fifth, horse manure. High in organic matter and cellulose, it contains heat-producing bacteria that help break it down quickly. It’s suitable for heavy, wet soils and compacted areas.
Sixth, cow manure. It has lower nutrient content and is considered a "cold" fertilizer. To speed up decomposition, mix it with 3–5% plant ash, rock phosphate, or horse manure. Apply it on sandy or sunny slopes, or combine it with other fertilizers.
Seventh, human waste. After proper fermentation and maturation, it can be used directly or mixed with soil to create large compost heaps for top dressing.
Eighth, wood ash. It contains potassium, calcium, boron, and manganese. It can be used as a base fertilizer or side dressing to improve soil pH and nutrient availability.
Ninth, poultry litter. High in nutrients, it’s excellent for vegetables and can be used as both a base fertilizer and top dressing.
Tenth, hole fertilizer. This refers to traditional smoke-cured soil, often found in older farming systems. It should be used sparingly—once every 1–2 years. Since the soil inside is dry from prolonged exposure to smoke, it’s best to moisten it first and crush it into small pieces before application. Using it as a base or seed fertilizer gives the best results.
By understanding the characteristics and best uses of each type of farmyard fertilizer, farmers can make more informed decisions, leading to healthier crops and more sustainable agriculture.
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Scientific use of farmyard fertilizer