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Scientific use of farmyard fertilizer
Compost, green manure, and animal manure are all types of farmyard fertilizers. While they all provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, each has unique characteristics and specific applications. Proper use of these fertilizers can boost crop yield and quality while improving soil structure. Here’s a guide for farmers on how to effectively utilize common farmyard fertilizers in their agricultural practices.
First, composting. You can use weeds, crop residues, and other organic waste as raw materials. It's best to apply compost as a base fertilizer during spring or autumn tillage, which helps improve soil fertility and moisture retention.
Second, green manure. This is ideal for leguminous crops, as it can be used as a base fertilizer or top dressing. The nitrogen-fixing ability of rhizobia in legumes enhances soil fertility naturally.
Third, sheep manure. This is considered a "hot" fertilizer due to its high nutrient content. It should be mixed with pig manure to balance its properties. It works well in cool soils and shaded areas.
Fourth, pig manure. Rich in organic matter and essential nutrients, decomposed pig manure can be applied to various soil types, especially well-drained, warm soils.
Fifth, horse manure. It contains high levels of organic matter, nitrogen, and cellulose, along with heat-producing bacteria that help break down material quickly. It's suitable for wet, heavy soils, shaded slopes, and compacted soils.
Sixth, cow manure. Although it has lower nutrient content, it's a cold fertilizer. To speed up decomposition, mix it with 3% to 5% plant ash, rock phosphate, or horse manure. It works best when combined with other fertilizers or applied to sandy, sunny slopes.
Seventh, human waste. After proper fermentation and maturation, it can be used directly as fertilizer or mixed with soil to create large compost piles for top dressing.
Eighth, wood ash. It provides potassium, calcium, boron, and manganese. It can be used as a base fertilizer or top dressing to enhance soil fertility.
Ninth, poultry manure. High in nutrients, it’s excellent for vegetables and can be used as both a fertilizer and top dressing.
Tenth, hole fertilizer. This is a traditional long-term fertilizer made from smoke-cured soil. It should be used once every 1–2 years. Since the soil inside is dry, it should be soaked and crushed before application. It's best used as a base or seed fertilizer to maximize its benefits.
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