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Cotton boron fertilizer application technology
Cotton is a dicotyledonous plant that requires higher levels of boron compared to monocot plants. The optimal boron concentration in cotton plants is between 20 and 35 milligrams per kilogram, and anything below 20 mg/kg is considered insufficient. Cotton absorbs boron from the seedling stage, with about 45.4% of the total boron uptake occurring during this period. A significant portion—69.55%—of the absorbed boron is concentrated in the reproductive organs, making it crucial for flowering and fruit development.
The application of boron fertilizer supports root growth and enhances root physiological functions, promoting stronger and faster seedling development. It also improves the efficiency of carbohydrate metabolism and helps maintain balanced growth, which is essential for healthy cotton plants. Proper boron supply can prevent the "bud without flower" phenomenon, reduce flower and boll shedding, increase the number of bolls per plant, improve boll weight, and enhance fiber quality, including longer fiber length and higher lint yield.
When cotton lacks boron, several growth problems occur. Root growth is stunted, lower leaves become larger, while upper new leaves are smaller. Petioles may show dark bands, the main stem's growing point may be damaged, and axillary buds may cluster, leading to bud drop and reduced flowering. This significantly impacts cotton yield and production.
To apply boron fertilizer effectively, there are several methods. One approach is base application: mix 0.5 to 1 kg of borax with 2,000 kg of well-screened organic fertilizer or dry fine soil, spread it evenly in the field, and incorporate it into the soil before planting. Another method is top-dressing, where the same amount of borax is mixed with soil fertilizer and placed in the planting furrows or holes, ensuring it doesn't come into direct contact with seeds to avoid damaging germination.
Foliar spraying is one of the most efficient methods, as it reduces leaching loss and avoids direct contact between boron and the soil. This technique ensures better nutrient absorption and meets the varying boron needs at different growth stages. The best time for foliar application is during the bud stage, early flowering stage, and the flowering-boll stage.
For foliar spraying, a common recommendation is to dissolve 200 grams of borax in 100 liters of water and spray it on the leaves. This dosage has been shown to be highly effective in improving boron uptake and overall plant health. Using these techniques ensures that cotton receives adequate boron throughout its growth cycle, leading to better yields and improved fiber quality.
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Cotton boron fertilizer application technology