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Cotton boron fertilizer application technology
Cotton is a dicotyledonous plant that requires a relatively higher amount of boron compared to monocot plants. The normal boron content in cotton plants ranges from 20 to 35 milligrams per kilogram, and levels below 20 mg/kg are considered insufficient. From the seedling stage, cotton begins absorbing boron, with about 45.4% of the total boron uptake occurring during this period. A significant portion—69.55%—of the absorbed boron is concentrated in the reproductive organs, highlighting its crucial role in flowering and fruit development.
The application of boron fertilizer can significantly enhance root growth and improve root function, promoting early and vigorous seedling development. It also accelerates the emergence of true leaves, supports efficient carbohydrate metabolism, and helps maintain balanced growth throughout the plant’s life cycle. This leads to better yield potential, reduces the occurrence of "bud without flower" syndrome, minimizes boll shedding, increases the number of bolls per plant, improves boll weight, and enhances fiber quality and length.
When cotton lacks boron, several visible symptoms appear. Root growth is hindered, lower leaves become larger, while upper new leaves are smaller. The petioles may show dark bands, the main stem's growing point is damaged, and axillary buds cluster together. This often results in bud drop and poor flowering, which severely impacts cotton yield and production.
To apply boron fertilizer effectively, there are several recommended techniques. For base application, 0.5 to 1 kg of borax should be mixed with 2,000 kg of screened soil or fine dry soil and evenly spread before plowing. For top-dressing, the same amount of borax is mixed with soil and applied near the planting holes or furrows, ensuring it does not come into direct contact with seeds to avoid germination issues.
Foliar spraying is considered one of the most efficient methods. It prevents leaching and avoids direct chemical interaction between boron and the soil, making it both economical and effective. Spraying at different growth stages ensures adequate boron supply. The best time for foliar application is during the bud stage, early flowering stage, and the flowering-boll stage.
In terms of dosage, applying 200 grams of borax per acre in 100 liters of water for foliar spraying is generally most effective. This method ensures optimal absorption and utilization of boron, leading to healthier plants and improved yields.
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