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Divider and reel troubleshooting
The bifurcation device is a critical component of the harvesting machine, often considered one of the simplest in design. However, due to its position at the front of the machine, it is highly susceptible to damage during field operations and transportation. Additionally, the delivery mechanism is typically inserted into the center of the crop, and if not properly adjusted, it can lead to operational inefficiencies, grain loss, and other issues. Despite its simplicity, this component requires careful attention and regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance.
Common breakdowns of the delivery device and their solutions are as follows:
1. **Misalignment of the Bifurcation Device**: The internal divider may press crops either inward or outward, causing them to be pushed onto the ground or forward, which leads to harvesting difficulties and grain loss. This issue usually stems from improper positioning of the bifurcation tips. If the tips are too far from the cutting width, crops within the cutting range may not be properly directed into the cutting area, resulting in missed cuts. Conversely, if the tips are too close, they may cut beyond the intended area. To resolve this, adjust the tips so that the distance between them is slightly wider than the cutting width. Ensure the tips are perpendicular to the edge guards to prevent tilting.
2. **Rake Pushing Crops to the Ground**: When the tip of the bifurcation device is too large, misaligned, or covered with debris, it can push crops downward, reducing efficiency. To address this, inspect and clean the device, adjust the shape and position of the tips, and ensure smooth crop flow along the divider. The entire structure should allow for unobstructed movement without blocking or hooking.
3. **Weed Accumulation**: In fields with excessive weeds, the machine may struggle to separate crops effectively, leading to blockages and reduced performance. Causes include long, wet weeds that stick to the device or an improperly angled divider. Solutions involve raising the cutting table, avoiding wet crops, adjusting the divider’s length, and checking for damaged parts.
4. **Inconsistent Cutting Due to Misalignment**: If the edge guard does not align properly with the bifurcation rod, some crops may be over-cut while others are missed. Correct installation and alignment of the bifurcator are essential to maintain uniform cutting.
5. **Tangled Crops**: Long crops (up to 1.4 meters) can become entangled, making separation difficult. For taller crops, increasing the height of the lifting device helps prevent head division and improves crop flow.
**Troubleshooting and Adjustment Tips**
1. **Reel Speed Too High**: Excessive reel speed can cause crop damage and grain loss. For wheat, the reel speed should generally not exceed 3 m/s, with a ratio of 1.1 to 1.7 compared to the machine’s forward speed.
2. **Reel Height Too High or Low**: Adjust the reel height so that the spring teeth do not hit the crop excessively. The correct height allows the teeth to gently guide the crop without causing impact. Ensure consistent height on both sides of the reel.
3. **Reel Positioned Too Far Forward**: This can cause repeated impacts and grain loss. Move the reel backward by loosening the belt tension and adjusting the position. Re-tighten the belt after adjustment to maintain proper speed.
4. **Reel Angle Issues**: The angle of the spring teeth should be adjusted based on crop conditions. Upright crops require vertical springs, while fallen crops may need a slight tilt to improve extraction. For dense crops, adjust the teeth forward to increase spacing from the auger.
5. **Reel Position Affecting Header Performance**: The front-to-back position of the reel significantly impacts crop flow. For lodged crops, move the reel forward and down; for upright crops, position it near the top of the cutter. Proper adjustment prevents clogging and ensures smooth operation.
Regular inspection, proper alignment, and timely adjustments are key to maintaining the efficiency and performance of the harvesting machine. By addressing these common issues, operators can minimize downtime and maximize yield.
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