Divider and reel troubleshooting

Divider and reel troubleshooting

The bifurcation device is one of the most basic components in a harvesting machine, yet it plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth operation. Located at the front of the machine, it is often subjected to damage during field movement and transport. Additionally, the delivery mechanism is typically inserted into the middle of the crop. If not properly adjusted, this can lead to poor performance, grain loss, and other operational issues. Despite its simplicity, it should never be overlooked. Below are the common causes of breakdowns in the delivery device and their corresponding solutions: 1. **Improper Positioning of the Bifurcation Device**: The internal divider may press crops either inward or outward, causing them to fall to the ground or be pushed forward, which leads to harvesting difficulties and grain loss. This issue usually occurs when the tip of the bifurcation device is too far or too close to the cutting width. To fix this, adjust the position of the two tips so that the distance between them is slightly wider than the cutting width. Ensure the tip is perpendicular to the edge guard and not tilted. 2. **Rake Pushing Crops to the Ground**: When the rake pushes crops onto the ground, it results in inefficiency and loss. Common causes include an oversized tip, misalignment, debris buildup, or an improperly positioned tip. The solution involves inspecting the device, cleaning it, and adjusting the shape and position of the tip to allow for smooth crop flow. 3. **Weed Accumulation on the Divider**: In fields with high weed density, weeds can accumulate on the divider, interfering with the crop’s movement. Causes include long weeds, wet conditions, or an improperly angled divider. To address this, raise the cutting table to reduce weed cutting, avoid harvesting wet crops, extend the divider, and check for damaged parts. 4. **Misalignment Between the Divider and Cutter**: If the edge guard does not align with the divider rod, inconsistent cutting may occur. Correct installation is essential—ensure the guard blade overlaps with the divider’s rear end or keeps a minimal gap. 5. **Entangled Crops**: Long crops (up to 1.4 meters) can become entangled, leading to chaos. For taller crops, increasing the height-raising device helps separate the crop heads from the stems, improving efficiency. **Troubleshooting Tips for Reel Issues**: 1. **Reel Speed Too High**: Excessive reel speed can cause crop damage and grain loss. For wheat, the reel speed should generally not exceed 3 m/s, and the ratio between reel and machine speed should stay within 1.1 to 1.7. 2. **Reel Height Incorrect**: If the reel is too high, it may hit the crop heads. Adjust the height so that the spring teeth do not impact the crop and maintain a clearance of at least 25 mm from the cutter and auger. 3. **Reel Too Far Forward**: A forward-positioned reel can cause excessive grain loss. Move the reel back by loosening the belt, adjusting the position, and re-tensioning the belt. 4. **Reel Angle Adjustment**: The angle of the reel springs should be adjusted based on crop type. Upright crops require perpendicular springs, while fallen crops benefit from a slight backward tilt. 5. **Reel Position Affecting Header Performance**: Improper positioning can lead to clogging. Adjust the reel forward for lodged crops and closer to the cutter for upright crops to ensure smooth crop transport. By regularly maintaining and adjusting these critical components, farmers can significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of their harvesting machines.

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