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Post-harvest cultivation techniques of potato
To ensure a high-yield and vigorous potato crop, it is essential to select superior varieties such as Kexin No. 4, which are known for their fast growth and strong seedlings. Using virus-free seed potatoes is highly recommended to avoid diseases and improve overall yield. When selecting seed potatoes, choose healthy, undamaged tubers from the spring harvest. Avoid any that are diseased, rotten, or misshapen. The ideal size for seed pieces is between 20-40 grams. In the fall, whole potatoes should be used, with each piece weighing around 25-50 grams. A total of 150-200 kg per mu is recommended. Soak the seed potatoes in a solution of 1 g of gibberellic acid in 120-180 kg of water during mid-to-late July for 15-20 minutes. Allow them to sprout naturally in the shade until the buds reach 1.5-2 cm in length before planting.
Planting in autumn should be done later, ideally between August 8th and 15th, choosing days with no rain for optimal conditions. Sow the potatoes in shallow furrows, about 8-10 cm deep, and water the furrows after planting. Then, mound the soil into small ridges, with a height of 8-10 cm. For better moisture retention and weed control, use mulch film. Plant in a wide-narrow row pattern, with large rows spaced 70-75 cm apart and small rows 30-35 cm apart. Maintain a plant spacing of about 20 cm. Apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (30-40 kg per mu) between the two small rows. After covering the soil, raise the ridge height to 5-6 cm and width to 60-70 cm. Then, cover the entire area with mulch film, ensuring it is tightly covered and only 1-2 cm thick. Check regularly after heavy rains to re-bury any exposed areas. Within 4-6 days after planting, you can start transplanting seedlings if needed.
Proper watering is crucial for the early growth stage. Water once after the seedlings emerge, and then again when the plants form a group. From October onward, the potato enters its tuber expansion phase. Keep the furrows moist, and water every 7-10 days if the weather is dry, but avoid flooding. For fertilization, apply 2-3 times organic manure (50-75 kg per mu) and special potato fertilizer during the early growth stage. Perform earthing up at the time of planting. During the middle of October, when the tubers begin to expand, apply 25-50 kg of ammonium sulfate fertilizer and perform another earthing up.
Pest control is vital for a healthy crop. Common pests include ladybugs, beet armyworms, diamondback moths, and aphids. Use pesticides such as Vegetable Farmer (600-800 times dilution), 2% Buxu (1500-2000 times), and 2.5% Kung Fu (2000-2500 times), alternating every 7-10 days. From mid-September to mid-October, spray a protective agent like 80% Mengfeiling, 8% Dasheng M45, and 58% Early Epidemic-MnZn, all diluted to 600-800 times. Alternate these products for effective protection. If an outbreak occurs, mix 58% Ledomil, 72% Kelu, and 50% Anker at 600-800 times and spray every 7-10 days for 2-3 applications.
To enhance tuber formation, spray "Tianda-2116" root development solution at 750 times dilution when the tubers start forming. Repeat the application after 10-15 days, using the same concentration, and spray twice every 7-10 days. This helps stabilize cell membranes, promote growth, and extend the growing period, leading to a more robust and productive crop.
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Post-harvest cultivation techniques of potato