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Post-harvest cultivation techniques of potato
To ensure high-quality and high-yield potato production, it is essential to select suitable varieties that promote rapid growth and strong seedlings. Varieties like Kexin No. 4 are recommended, and virus-free seed potatoes are ideal for optimal results. When selecting seed potatoes, choose healthy, undamaged tubers from the spring harvest, and avoid any that are diseased, rotten, or misshapen. Small tubers weighing between 20 to 40 grams are most suitable for planting.
In the fall, whole potatoes should be used for sowing, with each seed potato weighing approximately 25 to 50 grams. A total of 150 to 200 kg per mu is recommended. To enhance sprouting, soak the potatoes in a solution of 1 gram of gibberellic acid in 120 to 180 liters of water during mid-July for 15 to 20 minutes. Afterward, allow them to sprout naturally in a shaded area. Once the buds reach 1.5 to 2 cm in length, they can be planted.
Planting in autumn should be done later in the season, ideally between August 8th and 15th, on days without rain. Use shallow furrows, about 8 to 10 cm deep, and water the soil after planting. Then, mound the soil into small ridges, raising the ridge height to 8 to 10 cm for better drainage.
For mulching, use a wide and narrow row system combined with base fertilizer application. The large row spacing should be 70 to 75 cm, while the small row spacing is 30 to 35 cm, with plants spaced about 20 cm apart. Apply 30 to 40 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer between the two smaller rows. After covering the soil, raise the ridge to 5 to 6 cm in height and 60 to 70 cm in width, then cover the entire area with mulch film. Ensure the film is tightly covered, with 1 to 2 cm of coverage visible. After heavy rains, check and re-bury any exposed areas. Within 4 to 6 days after planting, you can begin transplanting seedlings, breaking them as needed and planting them at the same time.
Proper management includes scientific irrigation. Water once after the seedlings emerge, and again when the plants start forming groups. As October approaches, the potato enters its tuber expansion phase. Keep the furrows moist, and if the weather is dry, water every 7 to 10 days, but avoid flooding.
For fertilization, apply 2 to 3 square feet of organic manure and 50 to 75 kg of specialized potato fertilizer in open soil. Perform earthing up at the time of planting. During mid-October, when the tubers begin to expand, apply 25 to 50 kg of ammonium sulfate fertilizer and perform another earthing up.
Pest control is crucial. Common pests include ladybugs, beet armyworms, diamondback moths, and aphids. Recommended pesticides include vegetable farmer diluted 600 to 800 times, 2% buck diluted 1500 to 2000 times, and 2.5% kung fu diluted 2000 to 2500 times. Alternate these sprays every 7 to 10 days. From mid-September to mid-October, spray protective agents such as 80% Mengfeiling, 8% Dasheng M45, and 58% early epidemic-MnZn, all diluted 600 to 800 times. After an outbreak, mix 58% Ledomil, 72% Kelu, and 50% Anker at 600 to 800 times and spray every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 applications.
During tuber formation, spray "Tianda-2116" at 750 times dilution. Repeat the treatment 10 to 15 days later, applying it twice with a 7 to 10-day interval. This helps stabilize cell membranes, promote growth, and extend the growing period.
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Post-harvest cultivation techniques of potato