Flammulina velutipes, commonly known as the "enhanced mushroom," is one of the most widely cultivated and produced mushrooms in China, especially in factory settings. This species is well-known for its ability to grow in low temperatures, making it a popular choice during the summer months. It exhibits strong resistance to carbon dioxide, good storage and transport capabilities, and a long shelf life, which makes it one of the most consumed fresh mushrooms in warm seasons. Its market potential is highly promising due to these unique characteristics. **Flammulina Mushroom Bag Preparation** 1. **Base Material Formulation** - **Formula One**: 225 kg of cottonseed hulls, 15 kg of wheat bran, 10 kg of corn flour, 5 kg of superphosphate, 2 kg of lime powder, 5 kg of gypsum powder, 1 kg of urea, 3 kg of sucrose, and 120 grams of three-dimensional nutrition essence for edible fungi. - **Formula Two**: 220 kg of sawdust, 30 kg of wheat bran, 5 kg of superphosphate, 5 kg of lime powder, 3 kg of gypsum powder, 1 kg of urea, 2 kg of sucrose, and 120 grams of three-dimensional nutrition essence for edible fungi. When the ambient temperature exceeds 22°C, it's advisable to reduce the amount of sucrose and add Saibai 09 drug to improve the germination success rate. 2. **Bagging Process** After preparing the substrate, it should be filled into bags within 1 to 2 hours. In colder weather, the filling time can extend beyond 12 hours. Once mixed and bagged, the process should be completed quickly to avoid exposure to sunlight or stacking that may cause heat buildup and acidification inside the bags. Immediately after bagging, sterilization must be carried out. During the sterilization process, air intake and release should be done slowly to prevent plastic bags from deforming due to sudden pressure changes. 3. **Inoculation** The temperature inside the bags should be reduced below 28°C before inoculation. 4. **Germination Management** 4.1 **Culture Room Sanitation**: The culture room serves as the main area where mycelium grows and decomposes the substrate. Proper cleaning and disinfection are essential to ensure successful germination. Typically, the room is sprayed with a disinfectant solution twice daily. In summer and autumn, an additional insecticidal solution is added. After 2–3 days, ventilation is necessary to remove odors before moving the bags into the culture room. 4.2 **Temperature Control**: Flammulina velutipes thrives at around 24°C. If the temperature is too high or too low, it can negatively affect mycelium growth. In commercial production, the initial temperature should be set to about 20°C and gradually increased over 7 days, but not exceeding 32°C, as higher temperatures may hinder growth. 4.3 **Humidity Regulation**: The ideal humidity during the germination stage is between 65% and 70%. While lower humidity increases germination success, high humidity (above 80%) can lead to contamination and weaker mycelium. However, slightly higher humidity can enhance biological efficiency by up to 15%. Therefore, maintaining humidity around 70% is recommended to minimize contamination risks. 4.4 **Ventilation Management**: Mycelium has minimal oxygen requirements during germination, so regular ventilation is usually unnecessary. However, in cold seasons, excessive CO₂ accumulation can occur if ventilation is neglected, which may slow down growth. Maintaining CO₂ levels at around 0.1% is ideal. 4.5 **Light Control**: Like other edible fungi, Flammulina requires darkness during the fruiting stage. The culture room should remain dark to promote healthy mycelium development. 5. **Post-Ripening Care** After the initial mycelium growth is complete, the bags should remain undisturbed to allow further vegetative growth, ensuring a strong and mature mycelium for optimal fruiting.

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