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Bioactive Peptides: A More Efficient Animal Nutrition
Understanding the optimal nutritional approach is not just a requirement for breeders but also a responsibility for those involved in producing animal feed. Recognizing the significance of bioactive peptides in animal nutrition is crucial for enhancing the functional elements within the best food formulations.
1. What are Peptides?
Peptides are formed by connecting two or more short chains of amino acids via peptide bonds, resulting in rapid digestion and absorption along with enhanced gastrointestinal function. A pair of amino acids bonded together forms a dipeptide; when there are three linked amino acids, it’s called a tripeptide, and anything with four or more amino acids is referred to as a polypeptide. Only protein processing can create these connections between multiple peptides. According to Scott Gilbert in his book "Developmental Biology," small peptides, which are the result of proteolysis, are absorbed and utilized directly by the intestine. This makes peptides highly beneficial for improving animal nutrition and promoting growth when included in their diets.
2. Bioactive Peptides in Animal Nutrition
The biological activity of peptides significantly boosts the nutritional value of animal feeds, making them functionally superior. These peptides must be released through hydrolysis since they don't exhibit any activity on native proteins. Microbial-derived peptides can be manufactured industrially, supporting both the supply chain and animal nutrition advancements.
3. Functioning of Bioactive Peptides in the Bloodstream
Short-chain peptides, like bioactive peptides, replicate effectively and pose minimal risk of digestive issues due to their stability compared to longer chains. They swiftly reach the bloodstream and target cells to perform their nutritional tasks efficiently. Some peptides even start their work en route to the cells. Consequently, incorporating bioactive peptides into animal diets enhances feed efficiency, accelerates growth, improves physiology, and strengthens the immune and nervous systems, reducing stress and illness.
Increased Food Consumption
Bioactive peptides facilitate quick micronutrient absorption and are easily digested, leading to shorter feeding times and faster fattening. This increased intake is linked to improved palatability and the regulation of hunger hormones.
Bigger and Better Nutritional Value
The functionality of bioactive peptides offers significant advantages over other inputs. Being short-chain, free, and balanced protein molecules with high digestible protein content and excellent bioavailability, they provide both nutritional and functional benefits. Nutritionally, they encompass all proteins, vitamins, and amino acids in a good formulation, while functionally, they ensure rapid amino acid delivery to the bloodstream and cells without digestive issues.
Stimulating the Immune System
Peptide molecules not only have biological and physiological functions but also stimulate the immune system, reducing common disease risks and preventing complications. Amino acids derived from hydrolysis and bioactive peptides serve as antioxidants and antimicrobials, protecting against free radicals and harmful bacteria.
Advantages of Bioactive Peptides
Digestibility: Due to their rapid digestion, bioactive peptides prevent prolonged stomach retention, aiding animals with reflux issues.
Immunity: Functional foods reduce the need for antibody production, as bioactives enhance immunity through antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Food Conversion: Efficient and nutritious feeding improves food conversion rates, making formulations with bioactive peptides increasingly popular in the market.
Origin of Bioactive Peptides
Since the 1970s, biotechnology has focused on improving animal nutrition through protein hydrolysis and bioactive peptide formation. Found in plant and animal proteins, major sources include dairy, eggs, fish, poultry, nuts, soybeans, peas, etc. While native proteins contain peptides, bioactive ones form exclusively through hydrolysis. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis are common methods, with the latter being favored for its efficiency in maximizing bioactivity.
Impact of Hydrolyzed Proteins on Animal Feed
Hydrolyzed proteins enhance animal development through comprehensive diets. Catalyzed into small, bioactive peptides, they are absorbed more readily by enterocytes than free amino acids, balancing amino acids in the bloodstream.
Why Chicken Protein Hydrolysate is Ideal
Although all peptides offer nutritional and functional value, meat-based hydrolysates surpass vegetable and milk-based ones in bioactive peptide concentration, providing both nutritional and functional benefits. Chicken protein hydrolysate is extensively studied for pet, pig, and aquaculture feed formulations. Its benefits include high protein purity, digestibility, HDL increase, VLDL decrease, triglyceride reduction, hypoallergenic properties, and low mineral content.
In conclusion, bioactive peptides are indispensable in animal nutrition, offering performance improvements and high nutrient availability. Protein hydrolysis is a valuable tool in creating functional foods and enriching animal diets.
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