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2. Generally high head
3. Some raw materials are viscous or contain solid particles
4. Inlet temperature is usually normal, but some intermediate feed pumps can have inlet temperatures above 100°C
5. Cannot stop working | 1. Generally choose a centrifugal pump
2. When the head is high, consider using a positive displacement pump or a high-speed pump.
3. The pump backup rate is 100% |
| Reflux Pump (including tower top, middle, and bottom reflux pumps) | 1. Large flow range with low head
2. Inlet temperature is not high, generally between 30~60°C
3. High reliability required | 1. Usually use a single-stage centrifugal pump
2. The pump backup rate is 50%~100% |
| Tower Pump | 1. Large flow fluctuation range (usually controlled by liquid level)
2. Large flow
3. High inlet temperature, generally over 100°C
4. Liquid is typically in gas-liquid two-phase state, NPSHa is small
5. High reliability required
6. Harsh working conditions, often fouling | 1. General single-stage centrifugal pump. When flow is large, a double-suction pump can be selected.
2. Use a low NPSH pump and ensure necessary filling head.
3. The pump backup rate is 100% |
| Circulating Pump | 1. Stable flow, low head
2. Wide variety of media | 1. Select a single-stage centrifugal pump
2. Choose the pump based on the type and material of the medium
3. The pump backup rate is 50%~100% |
| Product Pump | 1. Small flow
2. Lower head
3. Low inlet temperature (top product is usually at normal temperature, while middle and bottom products are slightly warmer)
4. Some product pumps operate intermittently | 1. Should choose a single-stage centrifugal pump
2. For high-purity or valuable products, a reliable seal is required, and the pump spare rate should be 100%; for general products, the spare rate is 50%~100%. For intermittent operation, it is generally not recommended to use equipment pumps |
| Injection Pump | 1. Very small flow with strict measurement requirements
2. Operates at room temperature
3. Higher pressure
4. Injection medium is often corrosive | 1. Use a plunger or diaphragm metering pump
2. For corrosive media, the pump's wetted components should be made of corrosion-resistant materials |
| Sewage Pump | 1. Small flow, lower head
2. Corrosive media and abrasive particles often present in the sewage
3. Continuous delivery is required | 1. Select a sewage pump or slurry pump
2. The pump backup rate is 100%
3. Often requires the use of corrosion-resistant materials |
| Fuel Oil Pump | 1. Small flow, stable outlet pressure (typically 1.0~1.2MPa)
2. Higher viscosity
3. Inlet temperature is generally not high | 1. Can generally choose a rotor pump or centrifugal pump
2. Due to higher viscosity, heating may be required for transport
3. The pump backup rate is 100% |
| Lubricating Oil Pump and Sealing Pump | 1. Lubricating oil pressure is generally 0.1~0.2MPa
2. Mechanical seal sealing liquid pressure is generally higher than the sealing chamber pressure by 0.05~0.15MPa | 1. Usually supplied along with the host equipment
2. Typically screw pumps or gear pumps are used, although centrifugal pumps are often used for centralized oil supply in centrifugal compressors |
Each of these pumps plays a critical role in different parts of the chemical process, and understanding their unique characteristics helps in making informed decisions regarding their selection and operation. Proper pump selection ensures efficiency, safety, and long-term performance in Industrial applications.
Typical chemical pump characteristics and selection requirements
In this paper, several types of pumps commonly used in chemical processes are discussed as examples, including the feed pump (covering both the raw material pump and the intermediate feed pump), the reflux pump (including the top, middle, and bottom reflux pumps), the bottom pump, the circulation pump, the product pump, the injection pump, the sewage pump, the fuel pump, the lubricating oil pump, and the liquid sealing pump. Each of these pumps has specific characteristics and selection criteria that must be considered during their design and application.
The characteristics and selection requirements for these typical chemical pumps are summarized in Table 1-1 below.
Table 1-1: Characteristics and Selection Requirements of Typical Chemical Pumps
| Pump Name | Special Points | Selected Use Requirements |
|-----------|----------------|--------------------------|
| Feed Pump (including raw material pump and intermediate feed pump) | 1. Stable flow