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2. Generally high head
3. Some raw materials are viscous or contain solid particles
4. Inlet temperature is usually normal, but some intermediate feed pumps may have temperatures above 100°C
5. Cannot be stopped during operation | 1. Generally choose a centrifugal pump
2. When the head is high, consider using a positive displacement or high-speed pump
3. Pump backup rate is 100% |
| Reflux Pump (including tower top, middle, and bottom reflux pump) | 1. Large flow range with low head
2. Inlet temperature is generally 30~60°C
3. High reliability required | 1. Usually use a single-stage centrifugal pump
2. Pump backup rate is 50%~100% |
| Tower Pump | 1. Large flow fluctuation range (usually controlled by liquid level)
2. Large flow
3. Inlet temperature is usually over 100°C
4. Liquid is often in gas-liquid two-phase state, with small NPSHa
5. High reliability required
6. Harsh working conditions with fouling | 1. General single-stage centrifugal pump; double-suction pump can be used for large flow
2. Use a low NPSH pump and ensure sufficient fill head
3. Pump backup rate is 100% |
| Circulating Pump | 1. Stable flow, low head
2. Wide variety of media | 1. Select a single-stage centrifugal pump
2. Choose pump type and material according to the medium
3. Pump backup rate is 50%~100% |
| Product Pump | 1. Small flow
2. Lower head
3. Low inlet temperature (top product is usually at normal temperature, while middle and bottom products are slightly higher)
4. Some product pumps operate intermittently | 1. Should choose a single-stage centrifugal pump
2. For high purity or valuable products, a reliable seal is required, with 100% spare rate; for general products, 50%~100% spare rate. Intermittent product pumps are usually not equipped with backup pumps |
| Injection Pump | 1. Very small flow with strict measurement requirements
2. Operates at room temperature
3. Higher pressure
4. Injection medium is often corrosive | 1. Use plunger or diaphragm metering pumps
2. For corrosive media, overcurrent components should be made of corrosion-resistant materials |
| Sewage Pump | 1. Small flow, lower head
2. Corrosive media and abrasive particles present
3. Continuous delivery required | 1. Select sewage or slurry pumps
2. Pump backup rate is 100%
3. Often requires corrosion-resistant materials |
| Fuel Oil Pump | 1. Small flow, stable outlet pressure (generally 1.0~1.2MPa)
2. Higher viscosity
3. Inlet temperature is usually not high | 1. Can generally choose a rotor pump or centrifugal pump
2. Due to high viscosity, heating is often needed
3. Pump backup rate is 100% |
| Lubricating Oil Pump and Sealing Pump | 1. Lubricating oil pressure is generally 0.1~0.2MPa
2. Sealing liquid pressure is higher than the chamber pressure by 0.05~0.15MPa | 1. Usually supplied with the host machine
2. Screw or gear pumps are commonly used; centrifugal pumps are often used for centralized oil supply in centrifugal compressors |
This detailed analysis helps engineers and technicians make informed decisions when selecting the appropriate pump for different applications in chemical processes. Each pump type has unique operational challenges, and understanding these characteristics ensures optimal performance and reliability in Industrial settings.
Typical chemical pump characteristics and selection requirements
In this paper, various types of pumps are discussed as examples, including the feed pump (such as the raw material pump and the intermediate feed pump), the reflux pump (covering top, middle, and bottom reflux pumps), the bottom pump, the circulation pump, the product pump, the injection pump, the sewage pump, the fuel pump, the lubricating oil pump, and the liquid sealing pump. The characteristics and selection criteria for each of these pumps are introduced in detail.
The specific features and selection requirements of typical chemical pumps are summarized in Table 1-1 below.
Table 1-1: Characteristics and Selection Requirements of Typical Chemical Pumps
| Pump Name | Special Point | Selected Use Requirement |
|-----------|---------------|--------------------------|
| Feed Pump (including raw material pump and intermediate feed pump) | 1. Stable flow
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