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Winter puppy has tricks
Autumn is the peak season for dog breeding, as female dogs go into heat and mate. The average gestation period for a bitch is about 60 days. Puppies born during this time often face the harsh winter, which can be dangerous due to their weak immune systems, underdeveloped digestive abilities, and poor thermoregulation. As a result, they are highly susceptible to illness and even death. Therefore, proper care during winter is crucial for the survival and healthy development of puppies.
First and foremost, maintaining a stable and warm environment is essential. The temperature inside the kennel should be kept between 13°C and 15°C. To achieve this, several measures can be taken:
1. Seal the door and windows with curtains or plastic sheets to prevent cold air from entering. A simple shelter made from plastic can also be constructed for young dogs. Ensure that all gaps in the walls are properly sealed to prevent drafts.
2. Infrared lamps can be used to warm the walls and provide additional heat. It's important to have thick, soft bedding for the puppies and to keep the floor clean and dry at all times. Regularly changing the bedding helps maintain hygiene and comfort.
3. On warmer days, allow the puppies to bask in the sun to strengthen their immunity and improve their overall health. Gentle exercise in the sunlight can help them build strength and resilience.
Second, managing young dogs effectively is key to their growth and well-being. This includes the "Two Maintenances and Three Transitions" approach:
- "Two Maintenances" means keeping the puppies in their original housing and feeding them the same diet they were used to during lactation.
- "Three Transitions" refer to gradually adjusting the feed, feeding schedule, and environment. For example, after weaning, the diet should slowly transition from milk-based to solid food over a week or two. The feeding system should remain consistent to reduce stress and promote healthy growth. Young dogs should be fed small, frequent meals to maintain their appetite and support digestion.
- Environmental transitions should be done gradually. After weaning, the puppies should stay in their original area without being moved or mixed with other groups. This helps them adjust more easily. Once they are comfortable, they can be grouped based on size, strength, and breed to further ease the transition.
Third, implementing "Three-Point Positioning" helps establish good habits. This involves designating specific areas for drinking water, sleeping, and eliminating waste. Keep feeding bowls in one place and avoid moving them frequently. The first sleeping spot is very important for the puppy, as it will consider it safe. On the first night, it's best to confine the puppy to that area. After a few days, the location can become permanent. If the puppy urinates in random places, collect the waste and place it in the designated area. Most puppies will eventually learn to use that spot.
Fourth, castration and group management play an important role. Male dogs not intended for breeding should be castrated to improve weight gain and reduce aggressive behavior. This procedure is typically done at around two months old, preferably on sunny days with no wind. Female dogs, however, are usually not castrated since they reach sexual maturity before slaughter, and it doesn't significantly affect their growth. However, non-breeding females should still be culled. Grouping puppies by size and strength helps reduce workload for caretakers and promotes better growth. A group of 8–10 puppies per pen is ideal.
Finally, deworming and disease prevention are critical during winter. Common diseases such as canine distemper and parvovirus can be deadly for young dogs. To prevent outbreaks, regular deworming, thorough cleaning of feeding equipment, and disinfection of the kennel environment are necessary. Deworming should begin at 20–25 days of age and continue monthly thereafter. Feces and dead parasites should be disposed of properly to avoid contamination. Bowls and basins should be cleaned daily and sterilized weekly using methods like boiling for 20 minutes, soaking in 0.1% benzalkonium chloride, or using 2–4% sodium hydroxide solution followed by rinsing. These practices ensure a clean and safe living environment for the puppies.
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