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Summer corn "three attack" fertilization method
It is crucial to properly manage fertilizers and irrigation during the early growth stages of summer corn, from sowing until the beginning of jointing. As the saying goes, "Three minutes, seven minutes—scientific fertilizer and water application is key." Practical experience has shown that achieving scientific management of fertilizers and water requires implementing the "three attack" fertilization strategy: applying stalk fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, and grain-filling fertilizer.
The first stage involves applying stalk fertilizer. This occurs before the seedlings reach the small whorl stage, when vegetative growth is dominant. Early-maturing varieties typically begin this phase at 5–6 leaves, while medium-maturing ones start at 7 leaves, as the tassel growth cone begins to elongate. This is one of the most critical times for fertilization, accounting for about 30% of the total fertilizer used. Providing sufficient nutrients and water at this point helps promote strong, early growth and lays a solid foundation for future development.
The second stage is the panicle fertilizer application. This takes place just before tasseling, during the large whorl stage, which marks the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. At this time, the 11th leaf is fully unfolded, and the plant has developed around 60% of its final size. The tassel has already begun floret differentiation, making it a crucial period for determining the number of ears and ultimately the grain yield. This stage accounts for approximately 60% of the total fertilizer, primarily nitrogen, with some potassium also needed. Insufficient nutrients at this stage can lead to tall plants with small ears and reduced yields.
The third stage is the grain-filling fertilizer application. This happens during the tasseling and pollination period, when the plant shifts to full reproductive growth. At this point, the stems stop growing, and the focus turns to grain development. For crops that have not received enough nutrients or have had delayed fertilization, an additional dose of grain-filling fertilizer is essential. This is especially important for mid-season, late-maturing varieties. This final application makes up about 20% of the total fertilizer. Ensuring adequate water and nutrients during this stage helps extend the functional life of the leaves, supporting the efficient transfer of nutrients to the grains and maximizing yield and quality.