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Trace element fertilizer and application technology
The application of trace fertilizers has become a crucial strategy in modern agriculture to ensure high-quality and high-yield crop production. Trace elements, although required in small quantities, play a vital role in plant growth and development. However, they are often easily fixed by the soil, reducing their availability to plants. As a result, foliar spraying is generally more effective than soil application, as it allows for direct absorption through the leaves.
There are several types of trace element fertilizers, each with specific application methods depending on the nutrient and crop needs. Here's an overview:
**Boron Fertilizers:** Common options include borax, boric acid, and boron magnesium fertilizer. Borax and boric acid are widely used. For soil application, 0.5–0.75 kg per acre is recommended. Foliar spray should be at a concentration of 0.1%–0.3%, while seed soaking requires 0.01%–0.1%. A typical seed dressing rate is 0.2–0.5 g per kilogram of seed.
**Manganese Fertilizers:** These include manganese sulfate, manganese carbonate, manganese chloride, and manganese oxide. Manganese sulfate is the most commonly used. Soil application ranges from 1–2 kg per mu, while foliar sprays should be 0.05%–0.2%. Seed soaking uses 0.05%–0.1%, and seed dressing requires 4–8 g per kilogram of seed.
**Copper Fertilizers:** Options include copper sulfate, copper oxide, chelated copper, and copper slag. Copper sulfate is the most common. It is applied at 0.8–1.5 kg per mu for soil, with foliar sprays at 0.01%–0.05% and seed soaking at 0.01%–0.05%. Seed dressing typically involves 300 mg per kilogram of seed.
**Iron Fertilizers:** These include ferrous sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and iron chelates. Ferrous sulfate is widely used. For soil application, 5 kg per acre is typical, while foliar sprays should be 0.3%–0.5%.
**Zinc Fertilizers:** Common types are zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, and zinc chloride. Zinc sulfate is the most popular. Soil application ranges from 1–2 kg per mu, with foliar sprays at 0.01%–0.05% and seed soaking at 0.02%–0.05%. Seed dressing usually requires 1–3 g per kilogram of seed.
**Molybdenum Fertilizers:** These include ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, and molybdenum trioxide. Ammonium molybdate is the most frequently used. It is applied at 50–150 g per acre, with foliar sprays at 0.01%–0.1% and seed soaking at 0.05%–0.1%. Seed dressing typically uses 2–5 g per kilogram of seed.
By carefully selecting the right type and method of application, farmers can effectively address trace element deficiencies, improve crop health, and ultimately increase yield and quality.
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