The Soviet White Pig, commonly known as Subai, is a large white breed originally imported from Great Britain during the 1970s and 1980s. After being domesticated and selectively bred over several decades, it was officially recognized as a national breed in the Soviet Union in 1925. Between 1923 and 1931, the breed underwent several introductions of Great White pigs from the UK, leading to periodic improvements in the Subai lineage. As a dual-purpose breed, the Subai pig is known for its large size, strong build, high adaptability, and excellent reproductive traits. It has a high litter size and fast growth rate, making it ideal for crossbreeding. Even under low-nutrition conditions, Subai pigs can outperform other breeds like Changbai, Yorkshire, and Buckley by 10% to 15% in daily weight gain. This makes them a highly valuable breed both as a sire and a dam. **Breeding Performance:** Boars typically reach sexual maturity at 4 months of age, while sows mature between 6 to 7 months. However, they are usually first bred at 8 to 10 months, when sows weigh around 90–100 kg and boars reach 100–120 kg. The average estrus cycle in sows lasts about 19 days, with estrus lasting 2 to 5 days. The gestation period is approximately 114 days, and the first estrus after farrowing occurs 45 to 60 days later. Sows are best used for breeding between 2 to 5 years old, while boars are effective for 2 to 3 years. According to data from 1,393 litters, the average number of litters per sow was 12.26. At 20 days, the milk yield was 49.15 kg, and by 60 days, the weaned litter weight reached 127.81 kg, with each piglet weighing an average of 14.96 kg. **Finishing Performance:** Under normal feeding conditions, Subai pigs achieve an average daily gain of 500 grams or more, often reaching up to 597 grams. They require 3.01 to 4.0 kg of mixed feed per kilogram of weight gain. The optimal slaughter age is between 6 to 8 months. On average, finishing pigs weigh 95.62 kg, with a slaughter rate of 73.55%. Their backfat thickness between the 6th and 7th ribs measures 4.22 cm, and their carcass length is 79.94 cm. The eye muscle area is 30.06 cm², the hip ratio is 28.01%, and the lean meat percentage reaches 49.25%. This breed's combination of productivity, resilience, and adaptability made it a popular choice in Soviet agriculture, especially in regions with limited feed resources. Its dual-purpose nature and superior hybridization potential continue to make it a notable breed in pig farming history.

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