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Deer can obtain higher economic benefits, and it is also an effective way for farmers to shake off poverty and become rich. For example, in Junzhai Village, Pingyao County, Shanxi Province, located in the hilly area, in the mid-1990s, the per capita income of the entire village was 1,000 yuan, of which the income of courtyard deer breeding accounted for 48%, and the annual income of velvet only reached more than 1 million yuan. The majority of farmers in the village rely mainly on courts to raise deer and get rich.
1 The main purpose of selecting good deer breeder deer is to obtain high-yield and high-quality deer antler, but the primary factor that affects the yield and quality of deer antler is deer species. Deer must choose good deer species. The best way to use deer is to use Xinjiang Tianshan red deer. Sika deer should use the Dongfeng and Shuangyang sika deer strains of Jilin Province, or select descendants of excellent deer that has been breeding for many years.
2 The deer circle is as reasonable as possible. The deer is restricted by the conditions. It is impossible to construct the deer circle in accordance with the requirements of the scientific deer, and it can only be built according to local conditions. Basically, according to an ordinary resident's house, one male cervus or two sika deer can be bred. If the conditions permit, it is better to use a large amount of deer as required. The light is sufficient and the ventilation is good. It is easy to clean and raise the pad. To have a bed and a lap door, the lap door must be made of iron pipe or sheet metal to prevent the deer from escaping due to damage. When raising male deer and raising female deer, you need to have a deer mating, you can open a small door in the middle of the two connected deer ring partitions, the door size, only the deer can enter the male deer circle, while the male deer does not enter It's better to go to the lap.
3 General principles of deer feeding management
3.1 Green roughage should be the main method, supplemented by concentrated material should be regularly fed quantitatively. It is necessary to properly match feeds and strive to diversify feeds. Concentrate feed 2 to 3 times a day, green roughage as much as possible to meet the needs of feeding 4 to 5 times a day, if necessary, allow them to freely feed. Generally, the raw material is fed after the coarse material is fed, and different amounts of feed should be given according to different periods.
3.2 The gradual change of feed should be carried out mainly in green and green feed in summer and autumn, and mainly in stock in the winter and spring. When changing feeds, the amount of newly-changed feed should gradually increase, and it cannot be completely replaced or the amount of new feed fed is too large. If you suddenly change feed, it will affect the normal physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract, thus affecting the deer's health and production performance.
3.3 It should be noted that drinking deer needs drinking water after eating, the water should be clean, and it should be as far as possible to create conditions for the deer to drink freely, so as to be able to drink plenty of adequate drinking water.
3.4 The male and female deer should be fed in a circle. It is best to adhere to the deer in a circle every day. The feed, drinking water, and the deer ring should be as clean and hygienic as possible, and the disease should be promptly treated. Attention should always be paid to observing the deer's mental state, eating and ruminating, and the absence of water droplets in the nose, whether the urine is normal, etc., in order to promptly heal and handle the problem. Qualified veterinarians should be regularly quarantined.
4 Deer's Common Feed The deer's feed can be divided into three categories: rough feed, concentrate feed and mineral feed. Roughage: It mainly includes agricultural and sideline products, dried leaves, hay, and juicy green feed. Such as corn stalks, bean stalks, rice straw, soybean meal, sorghum, wheat husks, etc., as well as a variety of leaves, dry grass weeds, green dried wolfberry, dry soy pods, dry corn stalks and so on. Juicy green feeds include green branches, leaves, grasses, cultivated forages, silage, and tubers and tubers. Concentrate: Mainly include seed feed and industrial by-products. Such as corn, sorghum, barley, oats, soybeans, bean cakes, wheat bran, wheat bran, rice bran, corn bran, sorghum, beet pulp, distiller's grains, etc.; mineral feed: mainly salt, bone meal, eggshell powder and stone powder.
5 The deer breeding technique The main purpose of feeding the deer is to obtain high-yielding, high-quality pilose antler and have a good breeding condition. The male deer's physiological activities and production performance vary with different seasons. One year can be divided into 4 different phases: long-early, long-antler, breeding, and recovery. Feeding technology must be based on the characteristics of different periods.
5.1 The two phases of the recovery period and the long-early period are basically in the winter season. At this time, it is required to quickly restore the body condition of the deer, increase the body mass, and ensure wintering. The diet should be based on roughage, supplemented by concentrates, and at the same time, a certain amount of protein must be supplied, gradually increasing the actual feed of corn seed, such as corn and sorghum. In the early period of long velvet, beans and bean cake should be gradually increased. Diet formulation should be 50% for grass seed, 30% for legume seeds and 20% for bran. There should also be carrots, radishes, sweet potatoes, tender branches, leaves, and grass. During the daytime, regular feeding of 2 fine feeds, 3 rough feeds, 1 night fine feed and coarse feed, and sufficient water supply are guaranteed.
5.2 Long antler period This is the most critical period. It has a great influence on the yield and quality of pilose antler. The time is in the spring and summer season. At the same time, it is replacing the winter hair. Therefore, the nutritive value of the feed is required to ensure sufficient protein. The proportion of diet should be: legume seeds 50%, grass seed 20%, bran 30%, juicy feed and green rough feed as much as possible according to the conditions. Feed the concentrate 3 times a day and drink plenty of water.
5.3 During the breeding period, male deer had undergone great changes, screaming, appetite decreased sharply, and the body mass decreased. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the modulation of feed to increase the appetite of the deer, and to select a strong palatability and vitamin content. The roots are succulent feeds, young green feeds and so on. For male deers who do not participate in breeding, they should try to control public opinion, reduce sexual desire and reduce fighting. The ration preparation should be 50% for legume seeds, 30% for grass seeds, and 20% for bran. Feed compatibility should be diversified as much as possible. Fine feed should be fed twice a day and drinking water should be sufficient.
6 Doe Feeding Techniques The basic task of feeding doe is to maintain a high degree of productivity and breed good offspring. Doe can generally be divided into the following three stages for feeding.
6.1 The breeding period must ensure that the doe receives sufficient nutrients. The diet should be made up of green and juicy feed and contain a certain amount of protein feed. Legume seeds are 20%, grass seeds are 10%, and bran is 70%. Succulent feed and green roughage can be selected depending on local conditions.
6.2 Pregnancy Due to the consumption of nutrients by the deer during this period, it is also necessary to provide for the growth and development of the fetus. Therefore, we must strengthen the breeding to ensure that the deer physical health, normal fetal development. The combination of rations was 30% for legume seeds, 30% for grass seeds, and 40% for bran. Feeding concentrates twice a day, green feed should be as diverse as possible, and drinking water should be sufficient.
6.3 The lactation period of lactating deer is approximately 90 days. During the lactation period, the female deer mainly needs lactating milk for the deer. The combination of diet should be 40% for legume seeds, 25% for grass seeds, and 35% for bran. Juicy feed and green roughage can be selected and applied according to local conditions. Concentrate feed 2 to 3 times a day, green roughage can be allowed to eat freely, drinking water should be clean enough.
7 Feeding techniques for young deer Young deer culture includes three stages: breeding of suckling deer, cultivation of lactating deer, and breeding of young deer. After 7 to 8 days of birth, Aberdeen is in the first year of life. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the deer eats colostrum as early as possible, and it is best to eat colostrum from 1 to 1.5 days after birth. After the initial period, the deer can enter the normal feeding period. At this time, it is necessary to have a fixed habitat and a nursing place. It is better to set up a deer protection fence. Deer should be banned every day, and gradually increase the amount of exercise. After 15 to 20 days from the birth of the deer, some roughage and concentrate feeds can be taken with the deer. After 30 days of age, some fine material or young leaves and grasses can be properly fed, and a small amount of salt and calcium carbonate can be added.
The deer's lactation period is generally 90 days, and one-time weaning feeding methods are commonly used. Feeds from milk deer should be easy to digest and more nutritious. Diets can be formulated using the following formula: soybeans (cooked or macerated) 0.1 to 0.2 kg, corn 0.1 to 0.2 kg, bran 0.2 kg, salt and stone powder or bone meal 10 g each. Green fodder can choose green or tender leaves or grass, allowing them to eat freely. Feed 3 to 4 times a day. The young deer from the second year to the third year after the deer were collectively referred to as the deer. At this time, the deer's growth and development speed is very fast. Therefore, it is required that the nutrients of the feed should be rich, and the combination of the rough feed should be reasonable. The concentrate should be a mixed feed, with 40% of beans, 20% to 30% of corn, and 30% to 40% of bran. In addition, the sports venues should be as large as possible, while the male and female deer should be kept in separate circles.
How to raise deer in rural courtyard
(1. Taigu County Animal Husbandry Center of Shanxi Province, Taigu 030800, Shanxi, China; 2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, Shanxi, China)
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