Gladiolus rejuvenation technology

Gladiolus rejuvenation technology

Gladiolus is one of the top ten cut flowers in the world. More than 95% of the varieties cultivated in China are imported from abroad. The phenomenon of growing the ball with viruses is not optimistic. However, due to the incomplete breeding system of domestic bulbs, the phenomenon of degenerative degradation is also common. Therefore, the application of its rejuvenation technology plays an important role in the breeding of improved varieties. At present, there are two main technical approaches. Tissue culture and virus-free tissue culture and virus removal is currently an effective means of rejuvenation of Gladiolus bulbs. Related research abroad began in the 1960s and China began in the late 1970s. There are three kinds of plant regeneration methods for the detoxification tissue culture of gladiolus: the stem buds grow directly into plants; the explants first differentiate into small bulbs and then grow into plants; the explants come out to form callus, and then the cluster buds are re-differentiated or Bulbous. Explants that have been successfully used include small bulbs (bulb slices), bulb shoots (top and side shoots), flower shoots, flower buds, ovary slices, new leaves, and young flowering stems. Among them, the most easily induced is bulbar buds; the microstem tip culture has a high degree of detoxification, but the size is difficult to obtain; the callus induction rate of flower organ culture is low, such as 26.5% in the ovary and 14.2% in the base of the petal. The anther and flower axis are all below 10%. Most of the basic medium was MS medium, but also N6 medium. It was also reported that bamboo shoots and agar could replace the MS medium. Reducing the inorganic salt concentration in the minimal medium facilitates the formation of bulblets; decreasing the sucrose concentration can increase the differentiation rate of the bulblets, and the high sucrose concentration leads to the abnormal growth of adventitious buds and the failure of the formation of bulblets. Addition of exogenous hormones, 2.4-D is very effective in the induction and growth of callus, and is also indispensable for the formation of protocorm embryoid bodies. The rooting culture is suitable for the addition of IBA, with short and thick roots and up to 10 hairy roots. The role of GA3 in cultivar gladiolus is to break the dormancy of small bulbs and add 0.5 mg/L. After 1 week, the dormancy can be lifted to germinate the small bulbs, and rooting takes about 10 days to form a complete bulblet plant. Stem tip detoxification culture effect between 0.2 and 0.5 mm from the best for the explants, explants too small to increase the difficulty of operation, excessive detoxification is not complete. It has been reported that the stem tips of 42°C heat-treated samples after 5 days were used for tissue culture. The effect of virus-free seedlings was the best. The shoot tip explants not only maintained about 5% of the cluster bud differentiation rate, but also achieved a 90% detoxification rate. . The use of petal explants in detoxification culture has the advantages of rich source, easy material acquisition, simple operation, low contamination, high induction rate of callus, and virus removal rate of 57.8% to 8 1.7%. According to reports, the mutation rate of the test tube seedlings is low and does not exceed the variation of the conventional breeding traits. The ecological rejuvenation technology environment and nutritional conditions also have a direct impact on the development and species degeneration of Gladiolus bulbs. Experiments show that the growth period before summer high temperature or winter low temperature is positively correlated with the size of new ball development. The number of green leaves and the length of residual stem left after flower cutting are also positively related to the development of new ball; the diameter of the cue ball is 3 cm. Within the time, it has a good linear relationship with the diameter of the new ball; when the high temperature and drought cause the seed ball to become smaller, the early application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of the seed ball by 12% to 15%. After the domestication of the Dutch gladiolus bulbs introduced into Qinghai, most of the varieties grew well, the propagation coefficient of the seed ball was 0.6 to 3.02, the weight of the ball increased by 78.3% to 99.0%, and the weight of the ball after removing the flower buds increased by 6947% to 296.96. %, degradation is reduced. Zhejiang West Tianmu Mountain has a cool summer climate and large temperature difference between day and night. It is suitable for the growth of gladiolus, showing plant height, leaf green, leaf layer thickness, leaf area, long inflorescence and branching, small flowers, large flower shape, and colorful Large diameter, ball breeding coefficient of high traits. Systematic studies have shown that in the mountainous areas of 800 to 1,000 meters high in Zhejiang, Gladiolus can be used for rejuvenation, and the resulting technological system has been used for commercial production. (Source: China Flower Reporter Xiaodi)

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