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Field crops in summer
Summer brings high temperatures and ample rainfall, which are ideal conditions for the growth of many crops. The sunny weather also supports efficient photosynthesis in plant leaves. During this process, carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis need significant amounts of nitrogen to synthesize amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. For staple crops like wheat, corn, and rice, summer is a critical period when they transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. This rapid development demands large quantities of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and potassium, making top-dressing an essential practice.
Field crops such as corn and rice are typically top-dressed with nitrogen fertilizers, while economic crops like vegetables, tobacco, grapes, and cotton often receive both nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during this time. For instance, in spring corn cultivation, half of the urea is applied as a basal fertilizer at planting, while the other half is top-dressed in late July or early August. This method can improve nitrogen use efficiency by 10 to 20 percentage points, demonstrating that top-dressing significantly enhances nitrogen fertilizer efficiency compared to applying all the nitrogen as a base fertilizer.
In summer, it's important to apply nitrogen and potassium fertilizers correctly. They should be incorporated into the soil through banding or placement in furrows to prevent nitrogen loss due to volatilization and potassium fixation on the soil surface. Farmers should also take care to cover the fertilizers with soil after application, especially during hot and rainy seasons, to minimize nutrient loss and ensure maximum effectiveness.
Proper timing and application techniques are crucial for maximizing crop yield and maintaining soil fertility. By following these best practices, farmers can make the most of the favorable summer growing conditions and support healthy, productive crops throughout the season.
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