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Export storage of vegetables
Ventilation warehouses are similar to large storage facilities, and they typically come in three types: ground-level, semi-subterranean, and fully underground. These structures are usually built with durable materials like wood and masonry, which means they don't need to be demolished or relocated every year. Unlike traditional cellar storage, ventilation warehouses are equipped with advanced thermal insulation systems and sensitive ventilation equipment that help regulate internal temperature and air quality.
The primary function of a ventilation warehouse is to bring in cool, fresh outside air and expel the hot, stale air inside, thus maintaining a lower and more stable internal temperature. This makes its cooling effect superior to that of traditional cellars. However, Tongfeng (natural ventilation) reservoirs are heavily influenced by external temperatures and cannot be used effectively during summer. In spring and autumn, temperature control is necessary, often using night-time air flow to manage heat. During winter, insulation covers are required to prevent frost damage, and sometimes heating is needed to maintain optimal conditions.
To ensure effective ventilation, these warehouses should be located in areas with good airflow and natural ventilation. In northern regions, it's best to orient the building along a north-south axis, which helps reduce the impact of cold northern winds in winter and prevents vegetables from freezing due to excessively low temperatures. In southern areas, an east-west orientation is preferable, as it minimizes the influence of the afternoon sun and reduces temperature fluctuations inside the warehouse.
The layout of a ventilated storage facility is usually rectangular, and it’s important to include a cold-proof buffer zone at the entrance and exit. This buffer area helps protect the internal environment from sudden temperature changes. Ventilation systems typically consist of intake and exhaust vents. The exhaust vents are generally placed at the top of the walls or on the roof, while the intake vents are located at the lower part of the side walls. Some warehouses rely on natural convection, while others use electric fans to enhance air circulation.
Temperature and humidity control are the main aspects of managing a ventilation warehouse. In early autumn, increased ventilation helps quickly lower the internal temperature. As the weather cools, the ventilation openings are gradually reduced. During winter, the intake should be closed, and only the exhaust remains open. In late spring, night-time ventilation is recommended to prevent temperature spikes. The general principle is to cool early, insulate in the middle, and carefully control temperature later.
Because of the constant air exchange, humidity levels in ventilation warehouses are usually moderate. If higher humidity is needed, water can be sprinkled on the floor, or moisture-retaining sacks can be placed near the air inlet to increase humidity through evaporation. On the other hand, if humidity becomes too high, additional ventilation or dehumidification methods should be applied.
Regularly used ventilation warehouses are also prone to pest infestations. Therefore, after each storage period, it's essential to clean the warehouse thoroughly and apply fumigation with sulfur or spray a 0.5% bleach solution to keep pests at bay.
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Export storage of vegetables