Breeding management

Breeding management

Section 1: Breeding Density

The life cycle of insects includes several stages, such as the breeding period, egg stage, juvenile phase, and adult stage. During the breeding phase, the young are small and less active, so the breeding density should be kept at around 50,000 to 60,000 individuals per square meter. As the larvae grow and become more active, the breeding area needs to be expanded to about 15,000 per square meter. Under suitable conditions, the breeding density for certain species like the William Ring Catfish can be maintained at approximately 20,000 per square meter.

Section 2: Seeding and Retention

First, the seeding method: 1. Introduce quail species into the feed to allow them to multiply naturally. Collect pupae every 10 to 15 days. 2. Incubate cockroaches in the culture bed and transfer them to other beds for hatching. 3. How to collect manure: - Method one: Remove the raw material from the bed, place new feed in the original bed, then spread the old feed (along with mash) over the new material. When ready to feed the new layer, take the old feed containing eggs. - Method two: Set up new feed beds on both sides of the original bed. After 2-3 days or nights, the organisms will move into the new beds. Then, remove the original bed along with quails and pupae, sieve them, or keep them in another area for continued hatching. - Method three: Collect maggots, which often contain many eggs. Spread the earthworm excrement containing worms to dry without direct sunlight. When the moisture content reaches about 40%, sieve the manure using a 2-3 mm mesh. Sieve the material (coarse and fine), set up a new bed, add water to reach about 60% moisture, and continue the hatching process. Second, the seed-retaining method involves selecting robust, well-developed cockroaches with bright coloration and swollen reproductive bands to renew the breeding population. Alternatively, scorpion species can be used by: 1. Collecting maggots that contain many fleas. 2. Spreading earthworm excrement containing worms to dry without exposure to sunlight. 3. Sieving the manure when the moisture is around 40%. 4. Drying the sieved manure and storing it in plastic bags for long-term use.

Section 3: Environmental Management

Environmental management focuses on "three highs and three fears": high temperature, high humidity, high pH, fear of vibration, touch, and light. Proper control of these factors is essential for successful breeding. First, maintaining an appropriate temperature: 1. The bed temperature should be kept between 20°C and 25°C. 2. In summer, provide shade and water to cool down. In winter, cover the bed with straw or plastic film to retain heat. Second, ensuring proper humidity: 1. Maintain a humidity level of around 60%. The feed should be slightly moist but not dripping. 2. Keep the trampoline consistently moist by sprinkling water regularly. Ensure the underlying water does not exceed 1-2 cm. 3. Water in the afternoon during summer, and adjust the frequency based on temperature—every 3-5 days in warmer periods and 10-20 days in colder ones. Third, controlling the pH value: 1. A pH range of 6-8 is ideal. 2. If the feed is too alkaline, adjust with waste sulfuric acid or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. For acidic conditions, use stone water or potassium hydroxide. Fourth, preventing escape: Inappropriate food, unsuitable habitat, or overcrowding can lead to escape behavior. Monitor cricket activity and implement measures to prevent this. Fifth, cleaning and maintenance: Regularly remove manure to avoid acidity and maintain a clean environment. Harvesting can be done alongside feeding. To clean the bed: 1. Use the scratching method: Sprinkle new feed on top of the existing layer and cover with a straw curtain. After 2-3 days, most worms will move to the surface. Scrape off the new feed and remove the manure. 2. Use the scraping method: Remove the old feed, replace it with new feed, and spread the old feed (with mash) on top. When the cockroaches are trapped in the lower layer, carefully remove the upper layer. 3. Use the side method: Place new feed beds on both sides of the original bed. After 2-3 days, the organisms will migrate. Remove the excreted material from the center and move the fresh feed back. Sixth, additional measures: 1. Keep the environment quiet and avoid frequent disturbances during feeding. 2. Avoid strong lighting. 3. Ensure good ventilation to support normal metabolism.

Section 4: Daily Management

Daily management includes: 1. Ensuring adequate oxygen supply by turning the material bed or mixing in weeds and wood chips. If the bed is thick, use sticks to create air channels. 2. Keeping the breeding bed breathable, with good drainage and appropriate temperature and humidity. Cover the bed at night and turn on lights to prevent escape. 3. Feeding regularly. In indoor settings, feed the culture bed before the feed turns into feces. 4. Monitoring density. As the population grows, divide and rehouse the cockroaches to prevent overcrowding. 5. Removing manure regularly to reduce buildup and harvest the product. Separate larvae using fresh feed, and use mechanical methods for older stages. 6. Harvesting promptly to maintain a balanced population. 7. Preventing predators such as weasels, frogs, birds, rats, and snakes.

Section 5: Feeding Techniques

1. Top feeding: When the surface feed is exhausted, add new feed on top, about 5-10 cm thick. - Advantages: Easy to feed and monitor. - Disadvantages: Can cause water accumulation and bury the feed, making hatching harder. 2. Bottom feeding: Remove the old feed, add new feed to the original bed, and spread the old feed (with mash) on top. - Advantages: Promotes hatching and makes manure removal easier. - Disadvantages: May lead to feed waste. 3. Side feeding: Place new feed beds on both sides of the original bed. After 2-3 days, the organisms will move in. Remove the original feed and sift the quails and cubs for further hatching. 4. Block feeding: Shape the feed into blocks and bury them in the soil or feed bed. 5. Dredging method: Suitable for field cultivation. Dredge the upper layer of feed between plant rows.

Section 6: Management

First, incubation management: 1. Temperature: Start at 15°C, gradually increase to 27°C every 2-4 days. 2. Humidity: Maintain between 60% and 70%. After hatching, larvae are delicate and require careful attention: 1. Temperature: Transfer to 25-35°C immediately after hatching. 2. Moisture: Mist with a sprayer 2-3 times daily, avoiding excess water. 3. Feed: Provide fresh, soft, and nutritious feed. 4. Predators: Watch out for ants, spiders, and rats. Third, managing the adult stage: 1. Temperature: 20-25°C. 2. Humidity: Around 60%. Fourth, species-specific management: 1. Temperature: 24-27°C. 2. Humidity: Around 60%. 3. Density: About 10,000 per square meter. 4. Feed: Use complete feed. 5. Separation: Separate cockroaches monthly, combined with feeding and cleaning.

Section 7: Seasonal Management

First, winter management: 1. For indoor breeding, seal windows and doors, and use heating sources like furnaces or fire walls. 2. For outdoor breeding, move crickets to cellars, greenhouses, or indoors before winter. Thicken the culture layer to 40-50 cm, cover with weeds and plastic film. Use fermented materials like horse dung for insulation. Second, summer management: 1. Cool the environment to keep the temperature below 30°C. 2. Water the area when temperatures exceed 35°C to lower the temperature.

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