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Apple bagging management
After the apples are bagged, new management practices come into play. The focus shifts from preventing diseases and pests inside the bags to protecting the leaves, promoting fruit growth, controlling new shoot development, and regulating soil moisture. Here are the specific measures to follow:
First, leaf protection. After bagging, apply Bordeaux mixture 3–4 times—once before and after harvest, and 2–3 times before the end of September. In July and August, when there are 2–3 worms per leaf, spray once with a combination of avermectin and carbendazim. To prepare Bordeaux mixture properly, use a diluted copper ash method: mix 10% water-soluble lime with 90% water, then slowly add diluted copper sulfate to the lime solution while stirring continuously. If it rains frequently, increase the lime content and adjust the ratio to 1:2.5–3:200 to improve rain resistance. This not only helps preserve leaves but also supports flower bud formation and fruit enlargement, while reducing the number of sprays and lowering costs.
Second, fertilization. Fertilizing is crucial for fruit growth. For mid-season varieties, apply fertilizer in early July, and for late-season varieties like Fuji, do so in late July or early August. Focus on potassium-based fertilizers, supplemented with calcium. Potassium sources include potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, while calcium sources are imported calcium nitrate and foliar calcium. Late calcium application is essential, as young fruits absorb only 30% of calcium early on, with 70% absorbed later. Apply through irrigation or pre-rain spraying to avoid damaging roots. For example, during full fruit development, use 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate per tree, and 0.25 kg of calcium nitrate. Note that many commercial fertilizers are high in nitrogen, which can hinder flower bud formation and fruit coloring.
Third, controlling new shoots. Managing autumn shoots serves three purposes: preventing competition for calcium, controlling shoot growth to promote flowering, and enhancing fruit size. New shoots consume a significant amount of calcium, and their excessive growth can reduce fruit quality. By controlling their growth, most short and medium shoots will stop growing, aiding in flower bud formation. Techniques like tipping and opening branch angles improve light penetration and photosynthetic efficiency, thus promoting fruit enlargement.
There are five methods for controlling new shoots: first, spray PBO fruit tree enhancer when new shoots start growing, repeating every few weeks at a 200x concentration. Avoid using it on weak trees. Second, prune by removing dense shoots after bagging, keeping about one shoot every 25 cm. Third, tip the shoots by cutting off the top of those over 40 cm long, ensuring no more than 20% of medium shoots are removed. Fourth, open branch angles by pulling them apart to create space and improve light exposure. Fifth, twist the tips of long shoots (over 40 cm) by 180 degrees in the semi-lignified part, limiting this to 20% of medium shoots.
Fourth, water management. Drought reduces soil moisture, increases solution concentration, hinders root growth, and limits nutrient absorption, which can lead to poor fruit development and issues like bitter pit. Excessive moisture during rainy seasons may cause root suffocation, affecting nutrient uptake and increasing disease risk. Maintain soil moisture at around 80% (at 15 cm depth). Use micro-sprinklers or straw mulching to conserve water and maintain optimal conditions.
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