Apple bagging management

Apple bagging management

After the apples are bagged, new growth and conditions emerge. The focus of disease and pest control shifts from the bags to protecting the leaves, promoting fruit development, managing new shoot growth, and maintaining proper soil moisture. Here are specific management practices: First, leaf protection. After bagging, apply Bordeaux mixture 3-4 times—once before and after harvest, and 2-3 times before the end of September. In July and August, when there are 2-3 worms per leaf, spray once with avermectin combined with carbendazim. When preparing Bordeaux mixture, use a diluted copper lime ash method: mix 10% water-soluble lime with 90% diluted copper sulfate, then slowly add the diluted copper sulfate into the concentrated lime water while stirring continuously. This ensures better quality. During heavy rain, increase the lime content and spray at a ratio of 1:2.5–3:200 to improve resistance to rain. This not only protects the leaves but also supports flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement, reduces the number of sprays, and lowers costs and labor. Second, fertilization. Fertilizing is crucial for fruit growth. For mid-season varieties, apply fertilizer in early July; for late-season varieties like Fuji, apply it in late July or early August. Focus on potassium-based fertilizers, supplemented with calcium. Potassium sources include potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, while calcium sources include imported calcium nitrate and foliar calcium. Late calcium application is essential, as studies show that young fruits absorb only 30% of calcium early on, with 70% absorbed later. Apply by watering or spraying before rain to avoid damaging the root system. A typical dosage is 0.5 kg per tree of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate, and 0.25 kg of calcium nitrate. Note that commercial fertigation often contains high nitrogen, which can hinder flower bud formation and fruit coloring. Third, controlling new shoots. Controlling autumn shoots has three main goals: preventing competition for calcium, as shoots contain about one-third the calcium of fruit; regulating shoot growth to promote flowering by stopping most short and medium shoots; and enhancing fruit size through improved light exposure and photosynthetic efficiency. Five methods are used: spraying PBO fruit tree enhancer (200 times dilution) on new shoots, removing dense shoots to maintain 20% night bloom rate, topping shoots over 40 cm, opening branch angles to improve light exposure, and twisting the tips of long shoots to reduce vigor. Fourth, water management. Drought reduces soil moisture, increases solution concentration, limits root growth, and hinders fruit development, leading to issues like bitterness. Excessive moisture during the rainy season can cause root suffocation, affecting nutrient uptake and fruit growth. Maintain soil moisture at around 80% (at 15 cm depth). Use micro-sprinklers and straw mulching to conserve water and maintain optimal conditions.

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