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The characteristics of leeks and their control methods
The quail, also known as the yellow-footed gnat, is a harmful pest that primarily affects leeks. It belongs to the family of flies and is particularly damaging during its larval stage. The larvae are commonly found in the bulbs and tender stems of leek plants, where they cause significant damage.
(1) **Characteristics**: The newly hatched larvae initially feed on the base of the leek leaf sheath, as well as the bulb and upper parts of the plant. In spring and autumn, this feeding leads to rotting of the young stems, causing the leaves to turn yellow and eventually die. During summer, the larvae move deeper into the bulb, leading to severe rot and, in some cases, the death of the entire plant. These pests thrive in damp and low-light environments, often laying eggs in soil cracks near the base of the plants. After hatching, the larvae disperse and continue their feeding cycle. Adult quails are not attracted to fresh manure, and their development is hindered by overly wet or dry soils. Clay soils are less commonly infested compared to sandy soils.
(2) **Control Methods**:
1. Winter and spring irrigation can help reduce larval populations. When watering, it's recommended to add pesticides for better effectiveness.
2. **Chemical Control**: During the adult emergence periods—mid to late April, early June, late July, and mid-October—spray 10% chrysanthemum ester diluted at 3000 times, or 20% fenvalerate at 3000 times, or 75% phoxim at 1000 times. These sprays are most effective between 9 and 10 am. At the start of larval damage—early May, late July, late October, and mid-November—if the leaf tips begin to yellow, soften, and fall over, it's time to take action. Apply 75% phoxim diluted at 500 times through irrigation to prevent and treat root damage effectively.
By combining cultural practices with timely chemical applications, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of the quail pest on their leek crops. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to successful management.