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The characteristics of leeks and their control methods
The quail, also known as the yellow-footed gnat, is a serious pest that infests leeks, particularly during the late growing season. This small fly lays its eggs in the soil around the base of the plants, and its larvae can cause significant damage to the bulbs and tender stems of the leek.
(1) **Characteristics**: The larvae typically feed on the base of the leek's leaf sheath, as well as the bulb and upper parts of the plant. In spring and autumn, they cause rotting in the young stems, leading to yellowing and eventual death of the leaves. During summer, the larvae move deeper into the bulb, which can result in severe rot and the death of the entire plant. These pests thrive in moist, low-light conditions and tend to lay their eggs in cracks and crevices of the soil near the plant bases. After hatching, the larvae disperse, and adult flies do not show a preference for fresh manure. Excessively wet or dry soils are not favorable for their development, and they are less commonly found in clay soils compared to sandy ones.
(2) **Control Methods**:
1. **Irrigation**: Winter and spring irrigation can help reduce larval populations. When watering, it’s advisable to apply insecticides for better control.
2. **Chemical Control**: During the adult emergence periods (mid to late April, early June, late July, and mid-October), spraying 10% chrysanthemum ester at 3000 times dilution, 20% fenvalerate at 3000 times, or 75% phoxim at 1000 times can effectively kill adult insects. The best time for spraying is between 9 and 10 am. When signs of larval damage appear—such as yellowing and softening of the leaf tips—irrigation with 75% phoxim diluted to 500 times is recommended to prevent further damage and treat the affected roots. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential to manage this pest effectively.