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Scientific use of corn harvesters
The development of corn harvesting machinery has advanced rapidly, and the technical requirements for these machines are quite demanding. To ensure efficient performance and prolong the machine's lifespan, it is essential to use the equipment properly. Below are detailed instructions on operating a corn harvester and important safety precautions:
1. **Pre-Test Run Checks**
Before starting the machine, ensure that all bearings and high-speed rotating components, such as the stalk cutting device and intermediate shaft, are correctly installed and functioning. Inspect the tension of the V-belt and chain to prevent slippage or breakage. Make sure there are no tools or foreign objects left on the working parts and that all protective covers are securely in place. Also, verify that fuel, oil, and lubricants are at the correct levels.
2. **No-Load Test Run**
Disengage the engine clutch and set the gear shift lever to neutral. Start the engine and gradually engage the clutch at low speed. Once all moving parts and mechanisms operate smoothly, increase the engine speed to the rated level and let the harvester run at this speed. During operation, check the hydraulic system by activating each cylinder sequentially, ensuring proper function, sealing, and braking performance. After 20 minutes of running, disengage the clutch and inspect the bearings for overheating, check the belt and chain tension, and confirm all connections are tight. Repeat this process for each gear, then complete the commissioning of the harvester. The initial air-running time should be at least 3 hours, with an additional 1 hour of continuous operation.
3. **Operational Test Run**
During the first 30 hours of use, it is recommended to operate the harvester at 20% to 25% below normal speed. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for the recommended working speed after this period. After completing the test run, thoroughly inspect the tightness of all components, the accuracy of adjustments, and the condition of the electrical systems. Replace the lubricant in all gearboxes and ensure they are properly sealed.
4. **Key Considerations During Operation**
Before starting work, smoothly engage the clutch of the working part. Only begin harvesting when the throttle is increased gradually and the engine reaches a stable rated speed. While working in the field, regularly check the quality of cutting and crushing, and adjust the header height according to crop conditions. Monitor the picking device based on the number of grains scattered on the ground; grain loss should not exceed 0.5% of the total. If losses are high, check the gap between the picking plates.
To prevent blockages, stop the machine for 1 to 2 minutes periodically to allow the working parts to clear any remaining ears or kernels. If a blockage occurs, stop immediately to remove it, as failure to do so can lead to excessive friction and damage. When turning or moving along the rows, raise the header to the transport position. In fields with ditches, only operate the harvester along the ditch line to avoid damage.
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