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Reasons and Countermeasures of Production Cut in Putian
In recent years, some farmers have started converting rice fields into lotus root cultivation areas in Putian. While this shift has brought about improved economic returns, the yield of lotus roots has been gradually declining due to factors such as limited technology and improper farming practices. Theoretically, a single mu of paddy field could produce over 500 kilograms of lotus root, but in reality, most farmers only harvest 75 to 100 kilograms. Why is the yield so low? What solutions can be implemented? Let's explore the causes and possible countermeasures.
First, improper fertilization is a major issue. Many farmers choose paddy fields that are either too shallow or too deep, which hinders the growth of lotus roots. These soils are often not fertile, leading to slow growth, delayed maturity, and smaller rhizomes. Additionally, most plots lack organic fertilizer. Farmers often rely solely on calcium superphosphate and ammonium bicarbonate, neglecting essential potassium and micronutrients. This imbalance leads to lower yields. To improve this, farmers should plow the land twice before planting, apply 1,000 kg of manure or 2,000–2,500 kg of high-quality compost, and add 35–50 kg of superphosphate and 5–7.5 kg of potassium chloride. This practice helps build rich soil and significantly boosts production.
Second, continuous cropping is another key factor. Lotus root cultivation typically peaks in the second year, after which yields decline each subsequent year. It’s recommended to rotate crops every three years. However, with increasing cultivation areas, many farmers use "saturated planting" without crop rotation. Even with proper management and adequate fertilization, yields remain stagnant. Studies show that after three consecutive years of cultivation, yield drops by 16.3%, and after four years, it falls by 45.5%. Choosing new plots for 1–2 years allows for better growth, higher yields, and less impact on the following rice season. New planting methods, such as early sowing and proper spacing, can also help maintain productivity.
Third, pests and diseases are significant threats. Common issues include lotus root rot, leaf spot, and infestations by insects like the lotus caterpillar. These problems usually occur between mid-May and mid-June. Prevention includes applying 75 kg of fresh lime per mu before planting, which helps prevent disease and provides calcium. Increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application can enhance plant resistance. Spraying 50% carbendazim WP at 600–800 times dilution or 50% thiophanate WP at 800–1000 times every 7–10 days for 2–3 applications can control fungal infections. For insect damage in July and August, 25% emulsifiable concentrate can be used at 15 ml per mu.
Fourth, the reduction in pollinating insects has affected seed set rates. Lotus roots rely mainly on bees for cross-pollination, but pesticide overuse has drastically reduced bee populations. This has led to lower seed setting rates. To address this, artificial pollination techniques should be promoted. By manually transferring pollen from male to female flowers, the seed set rate can increase by 20–30%. This involves collecting fresh flowers in the morning, using a brush to collect pollen, and gently applying it to the stigma of other flowers. This process ensures better fertilization and higher yields.
Finally, variety degradation is a growing concern. Over time, repeated planting of the same variety leads to smaller rhizomes, weaker disease resistance, and lower quality. To prevent this, farmers should select healthy rhizomes each year—fresh, short, with dense internodes, and containing three buds (one main and two lateral). Regular variety replacement is also important. Selecting high-yield, disease-resistant varieties with good traits ensures long-term productivity and stability in lotus root farming.
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