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Prevention of freezing injury of pomegranate young trees from the autumn
Last year, the annual frost-free rate of two-year-old pomegranate seedlings planted around Hengshui Lake reached 100%. This was mainly due to the relatively high winter temperatures and low precipitation. However, even under such favorable conditions, sudden early winter cold snaps, frost, or late spring frosts could still cause damage if protection was insufficient. The likelihood of frost damage also depends on several factors, including field humidity, soil moisture, tree vitality, seedling variety, and propagation methods. In general, seedlings grown from cuttings are more vulnerable than those with a strong root system, and young trees aged 1 to 2 years have the weakest frost resistance. Preventing frost damage in pomegranate seedlings should begin in autumn.
First, enhancing tree vigor is essential to improve frost resistance.
1. **Proper Water Management**: In rainy seasons, ensure good drainage to promote full branch development. Reduce watering during the later growth stages, and water only when the soil is dry. This helps the tree store enough nutrients for the winter.
2. **Scientific Fertilization**: Follow the principle of “early promotion and late control.†Limit nitrogen fertilizer in the later growth stage and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Applying foliar sprays like rare earth elements and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can strengthen the tree and enhance its cold resistance.
3. **Disease Prevention**: Diseases like dry rot can severely damage the trunk, blocking nutrient transport, while early leaf fall reduces nutrient accumulation. Timely prevention of these diseases and proper care of leaves and branches are crucial in reducing the risk of frost damage.
4. **Winter Pruning**: Perform pruning in late November or early December to prevent shoot drying and aid wound healing. Apply protective agents to all pruning wounds to avoid infections.
Second, strengthening protection measures can help avoid frost damage.
1. **Spray Protection**: Before winter arrives, spray Bordeaux mixture to prevent disease outbreaks.
2. **Trunk Painting**: Paint the tree trunks white before winter, combined with garden cleaning to reflect sunlight and reduce temperature fluctuations.
3. **Smoke Fumigation**: In early spring, use crushed corn stalks, sawdust, or other materials to create smoke for heat generation. Typically, 3–4 fires per acre can raise the temperature by 3–4°C. Be cautious not to start fires directly; if the material is too dry, mist it slightly before lighting.
4. **Plastic Film Wrapping**: Wrap vulnerable young trees with plastic film. Since pomegranate trees have many thorns that can puncture the film, first wrap them in straw before applying the plastic.
5. **Root Area Cultivation**: Before the soil freezes, cultivate the soil around the roots to a depth of 20–40 cm. This helps insulate the roots. Remove the mulch at the right time before spring budding to avoid overwatering and promote healthy growth.