Amino acid are organic acids containing amino groups, which are the basic units of proteins. There are more than 20 kinds of amino acids that constitute proteins, which are often divided into essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids according to their nutritional needs for pigs and chickens. In pigs, chickens can not be synthesized, or can be synthesized, but the speed and quantity of synthesis can not meet its normal growth needs, so must be supplied by the outside world of amino acids, called essential amino acids. So far, the essential amino acids that have been widely used in the breeding industry are methionine and lysine
Efficacy and function of amino acid for Poultry and veterinary use:
First, Feed Amino Acid improve immunity
Amino acids are important nutrients in animals, which can improve the immunity of animals
Second, promote growth and development
Amino acids also have a positive effect on the growth and development of domesticated animals
Third, improve the efficiency of breeding
There is a certain relationship between animal amino acid intake and feed conversion rate. Reasonable strengthening of amino acid supply can improve feed utilization rate, reduce pollutant discharge and improve aquaculture efficiency
Amino Acid, amino acid feed, Amino Feed,Amino Acid For Poultry,amino acids poultry NANYANG CHENGPENG PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD , https://www.chppharm.com
Open field lettuce cultivation techniques
Lettuce, commonly known as leaf lettuce, is a popular vegetable that is typically consumed raw. It belongs to the Compositae family and is an annual herb that produces leaves or young shoots. The leaves are crisp, sweet, and highly nutritious, making it a favorite in salads and various dishes.
**I. Variety Selection and Planting Arrangement**
1. **Spring Cultivation in Open Fields**: In early March, seedlings are started in greenhouses, raised beds, or small sheds. After 40-50 days, they are transplanted into open fields in early May and harvested in mid-to-late June. Suitable varieties for this season include heat-tolerant and late-bolting types such as Cabbage Lettuce, Iceberg, Emperor, Olympia, Caesar, and General. For non-heading types, Red Sail and Oriental Triangular Lettuce are recommended.
2. **Autumn Cultivation in Open Fields**: Autumn is ideal for growing lettuce. Sowing begins in mid to late July, with seedlings planted from late August to early September and harvested by mid to late October. Varieties like Salaminas, Great Lakes 659, and Carona are suitable for heading types, while Cantonese Lettuce, Guangdong Dengfeng, and Red Lettuce are used for non-heading types.
3. **Spring Mulch Film Cultivation**: This method is usually practiced in mid-April, where mulch film is laid over the field to protect young plants from cold weather.
**II. Seedling Raising**
1. **Seedbed Preparation**: When the average temperature exceeds 10°C, seedlings can be sown directly in the field. Otherwise, they should be grown in protected areas. In summer, shading and cooling are necessary. Apply 10–20 kg of well-decomposed manure per square meter, mix with 0.025 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and use a 3:1 soil-to-fertilizer ratio. Spread the mixture 8–10 cm thick over 1m x 10m beds. Each acre requires 16–20 grams of seeds.
2. **Soil Disinfection**: Mix 9g of 25% metalaxyl and 1g of 70% mancozeb with 4–5kg of dry soil. Use 1/3 of the mixture in the bed and 2/3 on top of the seeds after sowing.
3. **Seed Treatment**: In most seasons, no treatment is needed before sowing. However, during hot months (July–August), seeds need pre-soaking. Soak for 6 hours, then wrap in wet gauze and keep at 15–18°C or in a refrigerator at 5–10°C for 24 hours. Once 80% of the seeds germinate, sow them immediately.
4. **Sowing**: Water the seedbed before sowing. Place seeds on the surface and cover with 2/3 of the soil (about 0.3–0.5 cm). Cover with plastic film and add a shade net if necessary. Water 2–3 times daily to maintain moisture.
5. **Seedling Management**: In spring, ensure good light and ventilation. Control watering to avoid high humidity. In summer, spray water 3 times daily, remove shade nets when seedlings emerge, and lightly cover the soil after watering. Maintain a temperature of 15–18°C. Remove weeds when two true leaves appear. Transplant seedlings after 40–50 days with 3–4 true leaves.
**III. Field Transplanting**
1. **Field Preparation**: Apply 4000–5000 kg of farmyard manure, 15 kg urea, 25 kg phosphate, and 30 kg diammonium per mu. Create ridges 50 cm wide, 15–20 cm high, with 40 cm ditches.
2. **Transplanting**: Transplant seedlings 25–35 days old, with 3–4 true leaves. Plant two rows per ridge, spacing 20–30 cm apart. Do not plant too deep; keep the base slightly below the soil surface. Water immediately after transplanting.
3. **Field Management**
- **Fertilization and Irrigation**: Water immediately after planting. Apply 10 kg urea per mu 5–7 days later, then water again. Apply 15–20 kg NPK compound fertilizer 15–20 days later, followed by another watering. Apply 10–15 kg of compound fertilizer 30 days after planting. Loose-leaf varieties may not require top-dressing if organic fertilizers are sufficient.
- **Weeding**: Cultivate 2–3 times after watering. If ridges were not made, cultivate again after the next watering.
- **Pest Control**:
- **Viral Disease**: Common in exposed fields. Use disease-resistant varieties, control aphids with 50% anti-influx or 10% imidacloprid. Spray 20% virus A or antitoxic agent No. 1 every 10 days, stopping 10–15 days before harvest.
- **Soft Rot Disease**: Occurs in both open and protected fields. Prevent by using well-decomposed manure, proper drainage, and spraying 70% mancozeb or thiophanate-methyl. Use 50% acetaminophen or sulfacin after symptoms appear.
**IV. Harvesting**
Loose-leaf lettuce takes 40–50 days, while heading types take 50–60 days. Early harvesting reduces yield, while late harvesting leads to bolting and loss of quality. Harvest according to market demand.
**V. Live Transplanting Technology**
1. **Seeding Period**: Sow when the 10 cm soil temperature stabilizes at 12°C, usually around mid-April.
2. **Sowing Method**: Use dry or pre-germinated seeds. Sow in furrows 3–4 cm deep, place 3–4 seeds per hole, cover with 0.3–0.5 cm of wet soil or fine sand, and apply 70–80 cm of 0.008 mm thick mulch film. Spacing is 30 cm between rows and 25–30 cm between plants, with about 5000–6000 seedlings per acre.
3. **Seedling Care**: Break the film when seedlings emerge, making "X" shaped holes. Avoid immediate removal of seedlings; wait 1–2 days for acclimation. Seal with soil to prevent air leakage. If temperatures inside the film are too high, make small holes for ventilation.
4. **Thinning and Filling**: Thin seedlings when they have 4–5 true leaves, selecting only healthy ones. Fill gaps promptly and remove weeds and diseased plants.
5. **Fertilization**: Apply 10 kg urea per mu when seedlings have 5–6 true leaves. Follow with 15–20 kg NPK compound fertilizer when leaves reach 10–12. Apply 10–15 kg of NPK compound fertilizer during head formation to promote growth.
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