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Prevention of freezing injury of pomegranate young trees from the autumn
Last year, the annual frost-free rate of two-year-old pomegranate seedlings planted around Hengshui Lake reached 100%. This was mainly due to the relatively mild winter temperatures and lower precipitation. However, even under such favorable conditions, sudden early winter frosts or late spring cold snaps could still cause damage if not properly managed. The occurrence of frost injury is influenced by several factors, including field humidity, soil moisture, tree vitality, seedling variety, and propagation methods. Generally, seedlings grown from cuttings are more vulnerable than those from rootstocks. Trees aged between 1 and 2 years old tend to have the weakest resistance to freezing.
To prevent frost damage in young pomegranate trees, it's essential to start preparations in autumn. First, enhancing tree vigor and improving frost resistance should be a priority.
1. **Reasonable Water Management**: In rainy seasons, ensure proper drainage to promote strong branch development. Limit watering during the later growth stages, and water deeply before the cold sets in.
2. **Scientific Fertilization**: Follow the principle of "promote early, control later." Reduce nitrogen fertilizer application in the late growing season and increase phosphorus and potassium. Apply foliar sprays like rare earth elements and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to improve overall tree health and cold tolerance.
3. **Disease Prevention**: Diseases like dry rot can severely damage the trunk, hindering nutrient transport. Early leaf drop also reduces nutrient accumulation, weakening the tree. Timely prevention of these issues is crucial for reducing frost damage risk.
4. **Winter Pruning**: Perform pruning in late November or early December to reduce the risk of drying out. After pruning, apply wound protectors to help the tree heal quickly.
In addition to strengthening tree resilience, effective protection measures are also necessary to avoid frost damage:
1. **Spray Protection**: Apply Bordeaux mixture before winter to prevent disease outbreaks.
2. **Trunk Whitewashing**: Paint the tree trunks white with a mixture of lime and water to reflect sunlight and reduce temperature fluctuations.
3. **Smoke Protection**: Use crushed corn stalks, sawdust, or other materials to generate smoke in the orchard during early spring. This can raise the temperature by 3–4°C per acre. Be cautious to avoid fire hazards, and moisten dry materials if needed to produce smoke effectively.
4. **Plastic Film Wrapping**: Wrap young, frost-sensitive trees with plastic film. Since pomegranate trees have many thorns, wrap them in straw first before covering with plastic to prevent tearing.
5. **Root Area Soil Cultivation**: Before the ground freezes, cultivate the soil around the roots to a depth of 20–40 cm. Remove the mulch at the right time before spring growth begins to avoid damaging new shoots.
By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly reduce the risk of frost damage and ensure healthier, more resilient pomegranate trees.