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High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Spring Cabbage
Spring cabbage is known for its strong adaptability, ease of cultivation, and early availability, making it a crucial vegetable in the early spring market. To achieve early maturity and high yields, farmers should implement arch cover techniques and focus on specific cultivation methods.
First, selecting the right variety is essential. Choose cold-resistant, tightly packed, high-quality varieties that are less prone to bolting and suitable for early planting and dense cultivation. Varieties like "China Gan 11," "Lugan 1," and "Zhong Gan 12" are highly recommended for their performance in early seasons.
Second, cultivating strong seedlings is key. The sowing date must be carefully determined since spring cabbage is a vernalization crop. If sown too early, seedlings may grow too large and bolt prematurely when exposed to low temperatures. Typically, seedlings are raised in a greenhouse or under a solar cover from mid-December to early January, depending on local conditions.
Before sowing, prepare the seedbed with well-decomposed manure or compost, and sterilize it using carbendazim. Treat the seeds by soaking them in warm water (18°C) for two hours, then germinate them at 15–18°C. Sow the seeds in the morning after watering the bed, covering them with 1 cm of soil. The seeding rate is about 4 g per square meter, with a seedbed area of 5 m² per 667 m².
Do not ventilate until the seedlings emerge. Maintain daytime temperatures between 20–25°C and nighttime temperatures between 10–16°C. After emergence, gradually introduce ventilation, keeping day temperatures around 18–20°C and night temperatures at 10–12°C. Once the seedlings have five true leaves, ensure the temperature does not drop below 10°C to prevent premature bolting. About 8 days before transplanting, increase ventilation to harden off the seedlings.
Third, prepare the soil properly and install the arch cover in advance. Choose fertile, well-drained soil near a water source. Apply 5,000 to 7,500 kg of decomposed manure per 667 m², and till the soil to a depth of 20 cm. Make beds 1m or 1.5m wide and install the arch cover 25 days before planting.
Fourth, plant at the right density. Transplant after the last frost when the ground temperature stabilizes above 5°C. Ensure the temperature before planting is no lower than 9°C. Use plastic film covers for protection. Plant during sunny mornings in late February to early March. When transplanting, protect the soil and water thoroughly before covering. Alternatively, dig trenches first, plant seedlings, and water them. Aim for 5,000–6,000 plants per 667 m².
Fifth, manage the field effectively. After planting, maintain proper temperatures by covering the seedlings with straw during cold mornings. For the first 7–10 days, avoid ventilation to raise the greenhouse temperature to 25–27°C during the day and 11–15°C at night. After acclimation, gradually reduce the temperature to 20–25°C during the day and 12–14°C at night. When the shed temperature exceeds 20°C, ventilate. Once the minimum temperature inside the shed remains above 10°C, remove the inner arch covers.
For water and fertilizer management, apply the first topdressing 15 days after planting with 15 kg of ammonium sulfate per 667 m², followed by watering. Control watering after seedling growth, and apply a second topdressing when the heads begin to form, using 30 kg of diammonium phosphate per 667 m² or 800 kg of diluted manure compost. Water every 7 days, but stop a few days before harvest to make transportation easier.
Finally, harvesting should be done strategically to meet market demand. Harvest when the heads are fully formed and tight, typically once every 3–4 days, with a final harvest 1–2 days later. This ensures fresh, high-quality produce for early spring markets.