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How to distinguish the quality of peanut meal and vegetable soup
The cost of raw materials like peanut meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, wheat bran, and rice bran is generally low, making them popular choices in animal feed formulations. Due to their affordability, there's less incentive for artificial adulteration, so the main concerns are related to their natural quality aspects such as purity, freshness, and moisture levels.
Peanut meal is a high-protein and energy-rich ingredient, second only to soybean meal in terms of feed value. However, its amino acid profile isn't perfectly balanced. High-quality peanut meal should have a fresh yellow-brown or light brown color, with a pleasant aroma similar to roasted peanuts and good palatability. Moisture content must be kept below 12% to prevent spoilage.
Rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal are both cost-effective sources of protein, but they contain natural toxins that require careful control in feed formulation. Rapeseed meal typically has a yellow-brown, reddish-brown, or gray-black appearance, often in crushed or coarse powder form. It may contain small, reddish-brown, or dark-yellow seeds that are crisp and fragile. It has a bitter taste, and the redder the color, the lower the protein content. Again, moisture should remain under 12%.
Cottonseed meal is usually light brown, dark brown, or black, with a powdery or granular texture. Under a microscope, you can see translucent, shiny fibers from the cotton shells. The key concern is the lint content—higher levels indicate lower quality.
Soybean meal, also known as sub-powder, is a by-product of wheat flour milling. It’s a fine powder ranging from light white to brown. Its moisture content should not exceed 13%. In some aquafeed applications, it may need additional gluten testing to ensure proper binding properties.
Wheat bran is rich in vitamins and B-complex nutrients. Good quality wheat bran should be light yellow to reddish-gray, finely crumbly, and free from large particles. It should have a distinct, fresh smell of crushed wheat, without signs of fermentation, mold, or clumping. Compared to rice bran, it has lower crude fat, allowing for a longer storage life—up to one month.
Rice bran is a light yellow or brown powder with a slightly oily texture. It contains small amounts of broken rice and coarse glutinous rice, along with a unique, mild rice bran flavor. It should not have any off-odors, insect infestation, or excessive clumping. The finer the particle size, the better the quality.