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How to cultivate Magnolia
Magnolia, also known as the white orchid or yellow-angle orchid, is an evergreen tree with fragrant flowers. Its leaves are green, sometimes appearing white or jade-like, and they emit a pleasant aroma. The plant has a long flowering period, and under suitable environmental conditions, it can bloom continuously throughout the year. However, it is sensitive to drought, cold, and alkaline soil. In northern regions, it is considered a delicate flower that requires careful attention.
First, it needs well-drained, loose, and nutrient-rich soil. A recommended mix includes 5 parts of pine needle compost, 2 parts of coarse ash, 2 parts of coarse sand, and 1 part of well-rotted manure. Avoid using fine sandy soil or heavy clay, as these can lead to poor aeration and drainage. Use a pot with good ventilation, such as a terracotta or unglazed clay pot, rather than glazed or porcelain pots. It’s best to use deeper cylindrical containers. Place the pot on top of an empty container or bricks to improve drainage. A layer of about 5 cm of gravel or slag at the bottom of the pot will further help prevent waterlogging.
Second, watering should be done carefully. Magnolia has fleshy roots, so overwatering can cause leaf drop or root rot, while underwatering can lead to dry, curled leaves. It’s a plant that doesn’t tolerate either excessive moisture or dryness. During the flowering period, if the petals appear overly stretched, it may indicate insufficient water. When the surface of the soil is dry and the soil feels hard, it’s time to water. Always ensure the water temperature matches the soil temperature—avoid using cold or hot water. Water thoroughly, not just lightly. Regular shallow watering can lead to weak, shallow root systems. In spring and autumn, water only when necessary. In summer, water daily in the evening. Reduce watering in late fall and water every 10 days in winter. During the rainy season, move the plant indoors to avoid excess moisture.
Third, magnolia is sensitive to alkaline conditions. It thrives in acidic soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.3. In northern areas, where the soil and water are often alkaline, this plant struggles because the alkalinity can damage its cells, leading to stunted growth and poor blooming. To counter this, some gardeners use fermented rice water, which helps lower the pH and improves overall health.
Fourth, it's also sensitive to concentrated fertilizers. Fertilize with diluted solutions of nitrogen and potassium, but avoid high concentrations, which can cause "physiological drought" by drawing moisture out of the plant. The best approach is to apply fertilizer in small amounts regularly, preferably in the early evening. Using diluted human urine, bean cake water, or composted fish scraps and chicken entrails mixed in a 1:9 ratio, applied every 3–5 days, has proven effective. Adding calcium sulfate during application can enhance fragrance and promote stronger growth.
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