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Grafting Cultivation Technique of Watermelon
Grafting and cultivating watermelons offers several advantages, including effective control of root nematodes, improved continuous cropping ability, earlier maturation, better moisture resistance, and increased yield. The process starts with selecting the right rootstock. It should have strong disease resistance, good compatibility, and high grafting survival rates. Among available options, the round gourd is considered the most suitable due to its high survival rate, tolerance to wet and cold conditions, and robust growth.
Next, it's important to plan the sowing times for both the rootstock and the scion. The rootstock is usually sown first, followed by the watermelon scion. Rootstock seeds are often planted in small plastic bags filled with loose, nutrient-rich soil. After about a week, the scion seeds are sown in another nursery box or bed. Care must be taken to protect the scion from rain and rot.
When grafting, the thickness of the rootstock and scion stems must match. If the rootstock is too small, the stem may crack during grafting, while if it's too large, healing can be difficult. The best time to graft is when the rootstock’s cotyledons are flat and the true leaves are just beginning to emerge. At this stage, the scion’s cotyledons are turning green, indicating readiness. If necessary, remove the rootstock’s true leaves to thicken the stem, or slightly suppress its growth to allow better synchronization.
For large-scale grafting, it’s advisable to stagger the sowing times so that grafting can be done in batches. Before grafting, it’s essential to spray the seedlings to prevent diseases. There are two main grafting methods: insertion and connection. In insertion, a knife is used to create a hole in the rootstock, and the scion is inserted into it. In connection, both rootstock and scion are cut at an angle and joined together using grafting clips to hold them in place.
After grafting, the seedlings should be carefully transplanted into nutrient bowls and watered without splashing the wound. Avoid direct contact with water until the grafts have healed. Any signs of pests or disease should wait 7-8 days before treatment. Cover the seedlings with a film for warmth, and provide shade for the first three days. After that, gradually remove the cover. Temperature inside the film should be maintained between 25°C-30°C during the day and 20°C at night. Ventilation and watering are strictly avoided for the first three days to prevent damage.
If lateral buds appear on the rootstock, they should be removed promptly with tweezers. Finally, when transplanting the grafted seedlings, ensure proper spacing—around 1.8 meters apart in rows, with 2 meters between plants—to promote healthy growth and prevent overcrowding.