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Astragalus breeding mode and matters
**Introduction**
The eel, also known as the long fish, is a popular aquatic species due to its tender and delicious meat with minimal bones. It is rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals, making it a nutritious choice for consumers. Scutellaria baicalensis, commonly known as Huangqin, has significant medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and detoxifying effects. It is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. With growing demand both domestically and internationally, this species is currently in short supply. The Astragalus membranaceus, or Huangqi, is another valuable plant that is easy to cultivate, resilient to harsh conditions, and suitable for small-scale farming. Its high economic value and simple cultivation methods make it an attractive option for farmers. In fact, aquaculture is one of the six promising projects listed by the National Information Center for the next five years.
**New Breeding Technology**
1. **Cage Culture for Astragalus**
Cage culture is a developing method for cultivating Astragalus. It is ideal for large water bodies and allows for high-density rearing. The cages are designed to ensure good water flow, which maintains clean and oxygen-rich conditions inside. The cage area should be around 20 square meters, with dimensions of 5m x 4m x 1m, where 40cm is above water and 60cm below. The net must be strong and tightly woven to prevent escape. These cages should be placed in ponds with at least 80cm of water depth. New cages need to be soaked in water for 35 days to remove harmful substances before use. A few days before stocking, the water quality should be improved to enhance clarity and control leeches. Cages can be arranged side by side, with bamboo frames for feeding and maintenance. However, they should not occupy more than 50% of the pond area to avoid water pollution. Aquatic plants like water peanuts should be placed in the cages to provide shelter for the fish and promote growth.
When stocking, it's important to select fish of similar size to prevent aggression. Approximately 20kg of fish per square meter can be stocked, totaling 400kg per cage. Astragalus prefers varied feed, such as quail, small fish, or animal organs. Live feed is beneficial as it improves digestion and reduces waste. The first month after stocking is critical, as the fish adapt to their new environment. Proper care during this time can result in a survival rate of over 90%, while poor management may lead to losses exceeding 70%. Disease prevention is essential, using disinfectants and lime to control pathogens.
2. **Plastic Greenhouse Waterless Farming**
Using plastic greenhouses for aquaculture allows year-round production without the risk of hibernation or disease outbreaks. This method is particularly effective in controlling water quality and reducing environmental impact. The optimal temperature for Astragalus is between 27°C and 30°C, which is easily maintained in greenhouses during spring, summer, and autumn. Even in winter, the temperature can stay above 20°C. A micro-flow system ensures clean water, preventing deterioration. Two main methods are used: open-style and closed-loop systems. Open-style is suitable for larger operations, while closed-loop systems are ideal for urban areas with limited water resources. Both require proper filtration and temperature control.
3. **Rice Field Cultivation**
Integrating Astragalus into rice paddies offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for farmers. It promotes dual production of rice and fish, enhancing income. Paddy fields should have good water retention and drainage. Ridges are raised, and ditches are dug to manage water levels and prevent escape. Fish are stocked in mid-April, often treated with saltwater to prevent infections. Feeding should include natural food sources and supplemental feeds like pig blood or small fish. Regular water changes and disease prevention measures, such as lime and antibiotics, are crucial. Harvesting occurs after 5 months, with fish reaching about 150g. Winter management involves maintaining water levels and using traps for collection.
4. **Sex Control Techniques**
Controlling the sex of fish can increase yield and efficiency. Male hormones like methyltestosterone can induce male development, resulting in faster growth and higher productivity. While this technique is well-established abroad, it is still under research in China.
**Precautions**
Choosing healthy seedlings is vital. They should be active, uniform in size, and free from parasites. Before stocking, water should be sterilized, and fish should be treated with bleach or saltwater. Disease prevention includes monitoring water temperature, treating nematodes with Trichlorfon, and managing fungal infections with salt and baking soda. Feed must be fresh, and any leftover food should be removed promptly to avoid diseases. During handling and transport, care should be taken to avoid injuries that could lead to red skin disease. Regular disinfection with lime, malachite green, or bleach is necessary to maintain a healthy environment.
In addition, high-density cage cultures can cause stress and mucus buildup, leading to oxygen depletion. Fish may entangle, causing high mortality. Careful management and regular monitoring are essential to ensure successful breeding.
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Medicinal traditional Chinese oil
Traditional Chinese oils with medicinal effects, such as mugwort leaf oil, safflower oil, wind oil, etc. Medicinal traditional Chinese medicine oil can be used to treat various diseases, such as colds, coughs, rheumatic pain, and so on.
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Chinese herbal oil for skin care
Herbal oils with skincare effects, such as olive oil, almond oil, Jojoba oil, etc. Skincare traditional Chinese medicine oil can be used to moisturize skin, keep skin moisture, prevent skin aging, and so on.
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