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Adult fish pond management techniques
The bandits, commonly known as smallmouth bass, grow at a rate five times faster than natural wild maggots. These fish exhibit strong adaptability and low tolerance for oxygen-deficient environments. The quality of adult fish from farming ponds is comparable to that of wild fish, making them highly favored by consumers. After a decade of experiments and research, the author has achieved relatively stable and ideal results. Below is a detailed introduction of the relevant aquaculture technology:
**Farming Conditions**
1. **Water Quality and Infrastructure**: The water source is of high quality, with ample resources for breeding squid or wild fish. Anti-escape facilities are in place, and oxygenation equipment is available on intensive water surfaces. Reservoirs and ponds can be stocked at the end of the year.
2. **Cleaning and Disinfection**: Excess sludge is removed from the pond bottom. Anti-escape facilities are inspected and installed. A disinfectant of 50–100 kg of quicklime per mu is used to clean the pond, and large wild fish such as rice fish and wheat fish are thoroughly removed.
**Seed Selection and Stocking**
1. **Seed Selection**: High-quality seedlings are selected based on their health and growth potential. It's crucial to ensure they are disease-free and suitable for the environment.
2. **Stocking Pattern**: The recommended stocking pattern includes grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, and other species. This combination ensures efficient use of the pond’s resources and promotes balanced growth.
3. **Stocking Standards**: The size of the seedlings is determined by the main species being raised, particularly squid. The size of the scorpion should be smaller than the main species. It is generally more economical to stock seedlings between 5–10 cm in length, with a minimum of 30 per kilogram.
4. **Stocking Density**: Based on water surface conditions and management level, ponds are stocked with 10 pounds of fish per pound of pengwa (a type of fish). In some cases, 10–30 fry are added. Ponds may have 5–10 kg of prawns per acre, with 5–20 tails per unit. The ratio of different species is usually around 10:1. When stocking density is high, the amount of carp must be controlled.
5. **Stocking Time**: Main species like carp are stocked before the start of each year, typically from late March to early May. The survival and market rates tend to drop after June. The timing of stocking significantly affects the survival rate and yield of the earthworms, so it is best to complete the process during the peak season of carp and wild fish production.
**Aquaculture Management**
1. **Enhancing Seedling Survival**: During spawning and seedling seasons, intensive culture ponds should be filled with fresh water and tree branches. When the water becomes too thin, additional nutrients are added to support the spawning and growth of bait fish.
2. **Water Quality Control**: From March to June, lime at a concentration of 20 ppm is applied once a month. In nutrient-rich ponds from July to September, biological agents like Em and photosynthetic bacteria are used monthly. During hot seasons, lime and other substances are carefully managed to maintain water quality.
3. **Feeding Bait Fish**: Bait fish usually do not require separate feeding. However, when there is an excess of soil pupae, powdered feed like rapeseed cake can be introduced to ensure synchronized growth between bait fish and soil pupae.
**Disease Prevention and Treatment**
1. **Drug Selection**: Smilax glabra is sensitive to external insecticides like trichlorfon and ivermectin. Oral administration of ivermectin and certain Chinese herbs can also affect carp. To avoid adverse effects, alternative drugs such as pyrethroids and praziquantel should be used instead.
2. **Main Disease Prevention**: The primary diseases in this system are caused by poor water quality, often due to sediment buildup. Regular use of chlorine dioxide and water conditioners can effectively prevent disease outbreaks.
**Summary and Analysis from Practical Experience**
1. Bandits prefer to eat small squid and have limited ability to catch larger wild fish.
2. Peng Zhaqi has a long seedling production period (March to June), which allows earthworms to have more time and sufficient natural bait, leading to higher survival rates and productivity.
3. Earthworms are highly resistant to hypoxia. Even in low-oxygen conditions, their mortality rate remains low, making them ideal for intensive aquaculture systems.
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