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Adult fish pond management techniques
The bandits, also known as smallmouth bass, grow at a rate five times faster than natural wild fish. These fish are highly adaptable and have low tolerance for low oxygen levels. The quality of adult fish from controlled ponds is comparable to that of wild fish, and they are well-liked by consumers. After ten years of research and practical trials, the author has achieved stable and satisfactory results. Below is an introduction to the relevant technology:
**Farming Conditions**
1. **Water Quality and Facilities**: The water source is clean and suitable for aquaculture. There are ample resources for breeding squid or wild fish. Anti-escape facilities are in place, and oxygenation equipment is available in high-density areas. Reservoirs and ponds can be stocked at the end of the year.
2. **Water Surface Cleaning and Disinfection**: Excess sludge is removed from the pond bottom, and anti-escape facilities are checked and installed. A quantity of 50 to 100 kg of quicklime per mu is used for disinfection, effectively eliminating large wild fish such as rice fish and wheat fish from the water.
**Seed Selection and Stocking**
1. **Seed Selection**: High-quality seedlings are selected based on their size and health, ensuring strong growth potential.
2. **Stocking Patterns**: A common combination includes grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, and smallmouth bass. This mix helps maintain ecological balance and improves overall productivity.
3. **Stocking Specifications**: The standard for stocking depends on the main species being raised, especially squid. Smaller-sized seedlings should be stocked below the size of the main species. It is generally more cost-effective to stock fish between 5 to 10 cm in length, with a minimum of 30 per kilogram.
4. **Stocking Density**: Depending on water conditions and management level, ponds can be stocked with 10 pounds of fish per pound of feed, and 10 to 30 fry per square meter. In shrimp ponds, 5 to 10 kg of shrimp per acre is typical, with a ratio of 10:1 for fry and fingerlings. When stocking density is high, care must be taken to control carp numbers.
5. **Stocking Time**: Main species like carp are usually stocked from late March to early May each year. Stocking after June leads to lower survival and market rates. Timing is crucial for maximizing survival and yield, so it's best to complete stocking during the peak season of carp and wild fish production.
**Aquaculture Management**
1. **Enhancing Seedling Survival Rate**: During spawning seasons, intensive culture ponds should be filled with fresh water and tree branches. When water becomes too thin, additional water is added to improve spawning rates and support bait fish growth.
2. **Water Quality Control**: From March to June, 20 ppm of lime is applied monthly. In nutrient-rich ponds from July to September, biological agents like EM bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria are used to maintain water quality. During hot weather, lime and other treatments help manage water conditions.
3. **Feeding Bait Fish**: Bait fish typically do not need extra feeding. However, when there is an overabundance of soil pupae, some powdered feed like rapeseed cake can be added to ensure synchronized growth between bait fish and pupae.
**Disease Prevention and Treatment**
1. **Drug Selection**: Smallmouth bass are sensitive to certain insecticides like trichlorfon and ivermectin, as well as some traditional Chinese herbs. Oral administration of ivermectin and herbal remedies should be avoided. Instead, safer options like pyrethroids and praziquantel are recommended.
2. **Disease Prevention**: Disease occurrence is rare in this system, but poor water quality can lead to bacterial infections. Regular use of chlorine dioxide and water conditioners can prevent diseases effectively.
**Summary and Practical Insights**
1. Bandits prefer smaller squid and are less effective at catching larger wild fish.
2. The long spawning period (March to June) allows for extended growth time and abundant natural food sources, which enhances survival and productivity.
3. These fish have strong resistance to low oxygen levels, making them ideal for intensive farming environments.
This method has proven to be both efficient and sustainable, offering a viable alternative to traditional aquaculture practices.
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