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Technical Specifications for High Density Cultivation of High Oil Soybean in Inner Mongolia
Soybean large ridge density cultivation technology was introduced from Ganhe Farm to Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University. The technique of cultivation of large ridges and ridges on the basis of cultivation of three ridges of soybean, combined with deep plowing, deep loosening, and reasonable close planting, was carefully studied and improved by the workers' workers and scientific and technical workers. Perfected and summed up, it is advanced, innovative and practical. It is suitable for the main cultivation techniques for soybean production in the three northeastern provinces and the soybean producing areas in eastern Inner Mongolia. After two years of scientific experiments, the average soybean yield per mu exceeded 200 kg. 250 pounds. First, the advantages of soybean cultivating technology with large ridges and ridges can improve land utilization, deepen the soil for ripening, preserve water and preserve soil moisture, increase density and enhance group benefits, and can eliminate weeds and reduce disease. Digestion and absorption of three ridge cultivation techniques, the rational distribution of plant populations, large green area, the high efficiency of group photosynthesis, with drought resistance, resistance to earthworms, increased temperature, easy to manage characteristics. Second, the soybean ridge cultivation technology, the theoretical basis and yield-increasing mechanism (a) test shows that crop yield and unit area on the interception of light energy is a positive correlation, the ideal planting method for soybean production is a reasonable equal row spacing, competition between the spacing between plants It is the smallest and provides the canopy that receives the maximum radiant energy. Therefore, the distribution of high-yield fields should reduce the distance between lines and lines, and the distance between lines should increase. The theoretical basis for the planting of large and small ridges of soybean is to increase the density to increase the photosynthetic efficiency, narrow the row spacing to ensure the uniform distribution of plants, and make the row spacing as equal as possible; the selected varieties should be semi-dwarf resistant lodging varieties to ensure the realization of high yield. (B) increase production mechanism 1. Improve the utilization of light energy. The first is to increase the leaf area. In the flowering stage and the scab stage, the leaf area index of soybean increased with the increase of density, reaching a significant correlation level. Increasing the leaf area and the long-lasting green area are important conditions for improving the utilization efficiency of light energy, and are also the key to high soybean yield. The second is to improve the distribution of light. Due to the large ridge density, the plants are more evenly distributed, which overcomes the inconsistency in the distribution of plants with large row spacing and small plant spacing. This results in a more uniform light reception for the individual plants and a greater use of light energy. The favorable conditions. Increased photosynthetic area and reasonable light distribution are important physiologic causes for large ridge density and high yield. Once again, the nodule mass and root nodule mass per unit area was increased. Although the number and weight of root nodules per plant were decreased due to increased density, the number of root nodules per unit area was positively correlated with the density at the end of the tillering stage and the grain size, except for the dry weight in the pod stage. There is also a positive correlation trend. 2. Increased dry matter weight. With the increase of the density, although the dry weight of the individual plant decreased, the dry weight of the unit population increased without severe lodging. Third, large ridge density cultivation techniques (a) the selection and preparation of soil 1, the selection of land: the requirements of high soil organic matter content (4%) no pollution, no stone, suitable for mechanical farming land. The soil is thick and flat or gently sloped. It is better to use corn, potatoes or wheat as the top hoe, and no high-residue pesticide. 2. Site preparation: It is required that the autumn soil preparation site should have a depth of more than 35cm in autumn and be evenly leveled so that it can reach the surface without any trenches and no earth blocks. (2) Variety and treatment 1. Selection of varieties: According to the ecological conditions and market requirements, the fat content is more than 21%, and the protein is more than 38%. The characteristics of the varieties are strong stalks suitable for mechanized harvesting, and the blade convergence double high varieties. 2. Seed selection: Seeds should be selected before sowing, and sown with a soya bean concentrator or artificially selected to remove impurities with a purity of 99%, a netity of 99%, and a germination rate of 95% or more. 3. Seed treatment: Soybean seeds must be coated with seed coating agents before sowing (according to product instructions). (3) For deep and narrow fertility cultivation techniques, to achieve high yields, it is necessary to increase the reasonable input of fertilizers. Scientific fertilizers adopt scientific soil testing and formulating fertilization. The amount of fertilizer applied is 15% higher than that of the three-ridge cultivation method, and deep or stratified fertilization must be implemented. 1, seed fertilizer: Diammonium 6-7 kg / acre, urea 4-5 kg ​​/ acre, potash 3-4 kg / acre. Fertility was stratified using a precision jukebox. 2. Apply 300 grams of urea per mu + phosphoric acid = 100 grams of hydrogen potassium to 40 kilograms of water. In the early stages of soybean flowering, the leaves are sprayed once in the early stages of the scab. (D) sowing 1, sowing date: the ground temperature began to plant through 7-8 °C, other regions vary by region. The sowing period is suitable for local conditions. The north of Daxinganling Mountains is suitable from May 5 to May 15. 2. Broadcasting method: On the basis of the cultivation of three ridges, the ridges and ridges are added and the line is changed from the original two ridges and four lines to one ridge and six lines. The ridge pitch was changed from the original two ridges of 65cm to a ridge of 1.30cm, three rows on the ridge, and double seedlings in the rows. The precision seeding was conducted on the ridges, and the edge lines were to be appropriately dense and the center line was appropriately thinned. 3, broadcast depth: After sowing, timely repression, suppression after 3-5cm. 4, sowing volume and density Mu sowing volume 6-7 kilograms, Mu seedlings 3.0-33,000 strains. 5, sowing the quality of sowing are no broken bar, uniform covering, no seeds, timely suppression. (5) Advantages of large ridge density 1. Soybeans are ridged early, soil moisture is not easy to evaporate, and water use efficiency is high. 2. After the ridges are enclosed, the area of ​​light is large, and the utilization rate of light energy is high. 3, soil conservation, increase production. (6) Field management 1. Deep looseness: When soybeans are arched, 50% of the total leaves are unearthed in the field. The head of the soil is the head of Mongolian Mongolian soil, and the depth of the head soil is 1-2cm. 2. The first cultivator should be carried out when soybeans have 1-3 compound leaves. Warming up again. 3, pull the grass: late in the immature grass seed before pulling the grass. (7) Chemical weeding (1) Before seeding after sowing: When the soil moisture is normal, the soybeans can be closed before seedlings are sown. Apply 50% acetochlor EC 160-200 ml + 70% Saikjin wettable agent 20-40 g/mu, close the soil and weed control with 200 kg of water, spray 3-5 days before planting, or per acre With 50% acetochlor EC 160-200 ml + 4 ml of sophosulfuron water 150 kg. (2) Post-emergence application: 3 to 5 compound leaves of soybeans and 2-4 leaf stage of weeds. 1, take the net 100-120 ml + flutoxyfen 80-100 ml. 2, take the net 100-120 ml + Fomesulfa 80-100 ml + weeds burning 50-80 ml. (8) Harvesting 1. Manual harvesting: When the fallen leaves reach 90%, mechanical harvesting: All the leaves fall into the net and the beans are returned to the round. 2. When harvesting, it is required to cut low, leave no stubble, cut the height of the louse, generally 5-6cm, the harvest loss rate is less than 3%, the threshing loss rate is less than 2%, the crushing rate is less than 5%, the cleaning rate is more than 95%.