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Bt transgenic rice enters productive trials
It is reported that the Bt toxin protein GM rice was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture for production trials for a period of 1-2 years. According to informed sources, there are currently more than 100 varieties of genetically modified rice in the closed study, and there are also 8-10 varieties released from the environment in a small area. It is understood that the genetically modified varieties currently submitted for commercial application and their researchers include the transfer of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil-borne bacterium) toxin gene gene-resistant rice borer GM rice. The researcher is Zhang Zhonghua of Huazhong Agricultural University. Academician; Transferred CpTI gene to rice locust transgenic rice, the developer is Zhu Xi, expert of the Bureau of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; transferred to wild rice gene Xa21 transgenic blight resistant to bacterial blight, chief responsible person Jia Shirong, Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. How long is the road for GM rice grown from commercial cultivation in China? Experts believe that at least 1 year. From June 22 to June 24, the Ministry of Agriculture held a special meeting of the Agriculture Genetically Modified Organism Safety Committee in Beijing. There are several varieties of genetically modified rice that have been submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture for safety review at the meeting and have entered commercial production. One of the submitted varieties is the BT transgenic rice seed. The researchers are academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof. Zhang Qifa of Huazhong Agricultural University. The reporter learned from related channels yesterday that the GM Rice Research Group of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences had previously used the BT gene of Huazhong Agricultural University to achieve a successful “grafting†of the BT gene on traditional hybrid rice and cultivated a BT insect-resistant transgenic rice seed. With subtle changes in policy and arguing for balanced development, the meeting of the GMO Security Committee that ended yesterday did not once again raise the issue of the commercialization of genetically modified rice that had once caused controversy over GM rice. Yesterday, the three-day National Agriculture Genetically Modified Organism Safety Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Agricultural Safety Council) meeting ended in Beijing. It is reported that the committee will conduct safety assessments on the GM materials declared in the first half of the year. An expert who participated in the meeting revealed to reporters that the policy of genetic modification may tend to be "conservative", and applications for the commercialization of genetically modified rice may be shelved. "Transgenic Policy" Has Changed This is the second time after the meeting at the end of last year to discuss GMO issues. Wu Kongming, a researcher at the Plant Protection Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, attended the above meeting on the 22nd. As an industry expert, he believes that this session of the National Agricultural Security Council has undergone some subtle changes in its treatment of genetically modified policies. Prior to this, our country emphasized the importance of treating genetically modified, active R&D, and steadily advancing development. The meeting more emphasized the need for strict procedural management. At present, China has not yet applied the GM technology to the production of major grains. However, several varieties of GM rice have been submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture for approval and a safety certificate is required to enter commercial production. As the “think tank†of the Ministry of Agriculture on this issue, the recommendations of the Biosafety Committee will play a pivotal role in the final decision of the Ministry of Agriculture. The meeting of the National Agricultural Security Council in December last year failed to reach a consensus on whether to give green light to genetically modified rice. According to experts at the meeting, the Ministry of Agriculture's genetic policy has undergone subtle changes, "a balanced development." Zhang Baowen, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, stated at the meeting on the 22nd that China's "Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms" and its supporting regulations have been implemented for three years. Under the current background of rapid development of biotechnology and increasingly fierce international competition, it is necessary to fully recognize agriculture. The arduous and long-term nature of the management of GMOs is based on scientific evaluation principles and rigorous attitudes. It coordinates the coordination of producers and consumers, biotechnology research and commercialization, scientific and technological progress and economic development, domestic trade and foreign trade, etc. relationship. There is no specific discussion on the commercialization of genetically modified rice. “The commercialization of genetically modified rice needs to go through several stages of application, review, and approval by the Ministry of Agriculture. From the current situation, the commercialization of genetically modified rice may be put aside,†said Mark Ping, deputy director of the Institute of Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Always at the venue. In a telephone interview with reporters, he said that there were many issues in the conference and there was no specific discussion on GM rice. The GM rice has attracted attention because of its food security issues and huge economic prospects involving the 1.3 billion Chinese population. Researcher Yang Xiaoguang from the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention believes that China has more people and fewer land, and the development of agricultural genetically modified crops can further safeguard food security and create huge economic benefits. For example, the US exports GM soybeans each year exceeds 1 billion US dollars. The trade volume; on the other hand, can reduce the amount of pesticides and reduce environmental pollution. Before the commercialization of transgenic insect-resistant cotton, 70% of pesticides were sprayed on cotton every year, and most of them were used to kill and kill cotton bollworms. Before the first special meeting at the end of last year, a proposal for the development of research and industrialization strategies for genetically modified crops in China, drafted by 16 academicians and other experts, was submitted to the State Council, and vigorously called for the commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops. "Transgenic faction" believes that insect-resistant rice in Hubei, Fujian and other places in the past two years showed that the resistance of insect-resistant rice in the whole planting season can be basically without pesticides and can increase production by 12%, but also can alleviate the lack of labor in rural young and middle-aged contradiction. Because of the potential risks to the environment and health of GM crops, no country is currently willing to apply GM technology to the production of staple foods. Transgenic rice has also caused widespread concern because of its possible sensitization. The NSA Commissioner “expanded the army.†On June 22, the NCSSA, which was responsible for the evaluation of genetic safety in China, was successfully reelected. The reporter noted that a total of 74 experts have been selected to serve as members of the Second Agricultural Safety Committee. These committee members are mainly from the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Education, the State Food and Drug Administration, the State Forestry Administration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. It is understood that there are only 50 members of the First Agricultural Safety Association, of which 60% of the members advocate the promotion of genetically modified biotechnology. According to reports, the Second Agricultural Safety Committee increased food safety, environmental safety, technology and economy, agricultural promotion and related issues on the basis of the original research, production, processing, inspection and quarantine, health, environmental protection, and trade related fields of genetically modified technology. Expert in regulatory management. Experts at the meeting said that at present, it is advocated that the strict management of genetically modified biotechnology has become the mainstream of expert opinion. As one of the experts attending the meeting, Wu Kongming believes that as long as strict management and strengthening of safety evaluation can enable this neutral genetically modified technology to play a favorable factor, and make outstanding contributions to increase grain production and farmers' income. There are various signs that it is difficult to have consensus on whether GM biotechnologies will be promoted in the short term. Experts and departments from environmental protection and biosafety said that taking into account that genetically modified crops may hybridize with wild relatives, it will cause "genetic pollution", and insect-resistant genetically modified crops may lead to the survival advantage of the toxin-resistant pests. Become a new "super pest". The Secret of GM Rice Fields was Strictly Protected On November 22, 2004, the reporter came to the heavily guarded GM rice base: a test area located somewhere in Zhejiang, two kilometers west, a walled nursery is a genetically modified rice nursery. “There are strict rules for access here, and only staff can enter and exit,†said Xu Qing, director of the Zhejiang Office of Research Management and International Cooperation and Services of the China National Rice Research Institute. “The wall is more than two meters high and the irrigation system is very special. Irrigation water is used to circulate and irrigate the surrounding walls. The high wall height can prevent pollen floating out of the rice and increase safety. The safety garden covers an area of ​​more than 10 acres and is established in strict accordance with the safety regulations on genetically modified organisms. A staff member who has been researching here for a long time commented: "This is the only high standard genetically modified rice nursery in the country."