Radish cultivation techniques

Second, prepare the planting site by choosing deep, well-drained sandy loam soil rich in organic matter. After harvesting the previous crop, remove all stubble and weeds. Apply 3,000 to 4,000 kg of fully composted organic fertilizer and 50 kg of specialized vegetable compound fertilizer per acre as a base fertilizer. Then, plow deeply, level the field, and create ridges with a distance of 60–80 cm between them, a height of 15–20 cm, and a top width of about 20 cm to ensure good drainage and root development.

Third, sow at the right time according to market demand. Late June to early August is ideal for planting, but avoid sowing too early to prevent rain-related diseases. For large radish varieties, plant them in holes, using 0.5 kg of seeds per acre. Plant two to three seeds per hole, spaced 20 cm apart within double rows on the ridges. Cover the seeds with fine soil after sowing. Medium-sized radishes can be sown in furrows, with a depth of 2–3 cm and a seed rate of 0.75–1.0 kg per mu. Small varieties are best sown directly, with a seed rate of 1.5–2.0 kg per mu. Always use medicinal soil or chemical seed treatment to protect against pests. After sowing, water lightly, and make sure not to flood the ridges—water should not exceed the ridge height.

Fourth, implement proper field management practices:

1. Thinning: When the seedlings emerge, perform the first thinning when the cotyledons open. The second thinning should occur when the plants have 3–4 true leaves, and the final thinning is done when they have 5–6 leaves, leaving only one strong seedling per hole to promote healthy growth.

2. Weeding and Cultivation: Combine weeding with cultivation during the first thinning, then continue plowing as needed. Loosen the soil around the seedlings and cover the furrows to prevent the plants from falling over.

3. Irrigation: Summer irrigation must be carefully managed due to high temperatures and fast evaporation. During the seedling stage, water sparingly and keep it light. In the leaf growth phase, maintain moderate watering to avoid overwatering. During root enlargement, ensure consistent and sufficient moisture, keeping the soil at 70–80% humidity. Avoid watering during midday; it's best to water in the evening to reduce stress on the plants.

4. Fertilization: After the seedlings are established, apply 8–12 kg of urea per acre along with irrigation to support leaf growth. When the roots start to swell, apply 15–20 kg of urea or ammonium sulfate and 10–15 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. Additionally, applying foliar fertilizer 2–3 times during this period can significantly enhance root development and improve yield.

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