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Purple autumn plum cutting
Purple Prunus, a member of the Rosaceae family, is a deciduous tree known for its striking purplish-red branches and brown-purple, ovate to obovate leaves. It retains its foliage from mid-April to mid-November without changing color throughout the year. This species thrives in warm, humid climates and requires well-drained soil. Traditionally, purple plum is propagated through grafting, which, although effective, can be costly, slow, and prone to genetic variation with a relatively short lifespan.
In recent years, the author conducted experiments on autumn and winter cutting techniques for purple prunus. The results were highly promising, showing a survival rate of over 95%, low cost, and fast propagation. Below is a detailed introduction of the method:
1. **Cutting Preparation**: Select a healthy mother tree that is 3 to 4 years old and vigorous. After pruning the leaves in late autumn, collect one-year-old shoots that are free from pests and diseases. These shoots should be cut into 40 to 50 cm sections, bundled in groups of 100 to 200, and stored in moist sand for later use.
2. **Nursery Site Selection and Soil Preparation**: Choose a site that is easy to irrigate and transport, with deep, fertile, and loose sandy loam soil. Before planting, spread 1 to 1.5 tons of well-decomposed farmyard manure per acre, then apply 1500 grams of 50% carbendazim to disinfect the soil. Follow this with 4000 grams of 50% zinc-phosphorus granules to control underground pests. Plow, level, and remove weeds before creating raised beds, approximately 1 meter wide with 0.3 meters between them.
3. **Cutting Time**: The best time to take cuttings is from late November to mid-December.
4. **Cutting Method**: Cut the branches into 10 to 12 cm sections with 3 to 5 buds each. Remove weak or dried parts. Make a smooth slant near the base to increase root contact area. Top the cuttings 0.8 to 1 cm above the bud. Soak the cuttings in clean water for 15 to 20 hours to rehydrate them. Then dip them in a 5010-6ABT6 rooting powder solution. Insert the cuttings diagonally into the soil, spacing them 5 cm apart. Leave 0.5 to 1 cm of the top bud exposed. Water immediately after planting and cover with double mulch. Place a 1-meter-high plastic tunnel over the bed for insulation.
5. **Seedling Care**: Mulched beds with small arches can remain unwatered for long periods. If the soil under the mulch dries out, water along the furrows. When temperatures drop below -5°C, add frost protection to the tunnel. Once the temperature rises above 0°C, open the mulch during the day and cover at night. When temperatures exceed 5°C, ventilate the tunnel during the day to prevent heat damage. In early March, gradually ventilate the seedlings to acclimatize them. Keep the soil moist from late March to early April. Remove the cover in mid-April, then fertilize, weed, and water as needed.
6. **Transplanting**: Transplant seedlings in late April, either on rainy or sunny days after 4 PM. Water the seedbed thoroughly before transplanting to minimize root damage and ensure more soil is retained. Plant seedlings 20 cm by 30 cm apart. Apply 4 to 5 tons of decomposed manure and 0.05% ternary compound fertilizer (15% content) per acre before planting. Water thoroughly after planting, keep the soil slightly dry, and monitor for pests. In early June, apply 0.025 tons of urea per acre before rain or irrigation to support growth. By the end of the year, transplanted seedlings typically reach an average height of 1.5 meters with a trunk diameter of 1.5 cm.
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