Onion and fertilizer management in autumn

Onion and fertilizer management in autumn

Autumn is a crucial time for vegetable growth, especially for green onions. Effective field management during this season plays a vital role in ensuring healthy development and high-quality harvests. The main focus of autumn green onion management is to promote root development, strengthen the plant structure, and improve soil conditions. Proper water and fertilizer management are essential to create an ideal environment for the formation of tender, light-blue green onions, which ultimately enhances both yield and quality. When it comes to watering green onions in the fall, it's important to be cautious. After planting, green onions enter the summer season, where the main goal is to encourage root growth. Watering should be controlled, and drainage must be ensured after rain to prevent issues like root rot, yellow leaves, and seedling death. Regular weeding and cultivation help stimulate root development. From the beginning of autumn until the White Dew period, irrigation should follow the principle of light watering, with watering done in the morning and evening. Once the White Dew arrives, green onions enter their peak growth phase, and more frequent watering is needed—about every 4 to 6 days. As frost approaches, temperatures drop, and the plants stop growing, so water requirements decrease. It's best to keep the soil slightly moist and stop watering 5 to 7 days before harvest to make harvesting and transportation easier. Fertilization is another key aspect of autumn green onion care. Green onions require top-dressing after the base fertilizer has been applied. At the start of autumn, when growth accelerates, a "leaf-boosting" top-dressing is recommended. This includes about 1,500 to 2,000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 20 to 25 kg of superphosphate per acre to support leaf development. After the White Dew festival, when green onions enter their most vigorous growth stage, two "tree-boosting" fertilizations should be applied together with irrigation. Each application should include 15–20 kg of urea and 10–15 kg of potassium sulfate, applied along the rows and lightly cultivated into the soil. To improve the yield and quality of green onions, earthing up (mounding soil around the base) is a crucial practice. This helps soften the leaf sheaths, prevents lodging, and increases both yield and quality. From early autumn until harvest, the soil should be cultivated three times. The first two times involve using a cultivator to bring soil from the ridges into the onion furrows, filling them after the summer heat. The height of each mounding should match the growth of the pseudostem, typically 3 to 4 cm each time, and the soil should be brought up to the base of the uppermost leaves without burying the heart, to avoid leaf decay. Onion and garlic vegetables are heavy feeders that require a significant amount of nutrients. Applying good quality base fertilizer is essential, and organic manure can be combined with phosphorus, potassium, or compound fertilizers. These crops are particularly responsive to potassium and sulfur, so balanced fertilization should always include potassium sulfate to enhance both production and quality. Ensuring proper nutrient supply throughout the growing season is key to achieving the best results.

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