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Integrated control of garlic white rot
Garlic white rot is one of the most common and destructive diseases that affect garlic plants during their growth cycle. The disease thrives in cool, moist conditions—typically when temperatures are below 20°C and humidity exceeds 90%. This makes it particularly prevalent during the rainy season. Garlic grown in thin or continuously cropped fields is more susceptible to infection, as the pathogen accumulates in the soil over time. In contrast, high temperatures and low humidity can suppress the development of the disease.
In the early stages of infection, the outer leaves may show yellowing at the tips, which gradually spreads toward the leaf sheath or inner leaves. Affected plants become stunted, turn yellow, and eventually wilt or die. When pulled from the ground, the bulbs often appear blackened and decayed, especially in severe cases, leading to significant crop losses.
This disease primarily affects the leaves, leaf sheaths, and bulbs, significantly reducing both yield and quality. Therefore, it's essential to implement effective prevention strategies in garlic farming. A comprehensive approach includes several key practices:
First, proper seed treatment before planting can help prevent initial infections. It is recommended to soak garlic seeds in a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder. For every 50 kg of seeds, mix 500 g of the fungicide with 3–5 liters of water and evenly spray the seeds. Afterward, dry them thoroughly before sowing.
Second, crop rotation is crucial. Since garlic white rot is a soil-borne disease, continuous cropping increases the risk of infection. To reduce this risk, garlic should not be planted in the same field for at least 3–4 years. Instead, it should be rotated with non-allium crops such as legumes or cereals.
Third, proper field management plays a vital role in disease control. Practices such as timely top-dressing, loosening the soil, and weeding help improve plant health and resistance. Infected plants should be removed immediately and destroyed outside the field to prevent further spread. Additionally, avoid spreading manure or compost directly on the ground to avoid introducing pathogens into the soil.
Lastly, chemical control methods can be used as a supplementary measure. Fungicides like 50% carbendazim WP diluted 500 times, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP at 600 times, or 75% garlic leaf green WP at 1500 times can be applied. Spraying 50–60 kg per acre every 7–10 days for two consecutive applications is effective. Alternatively, using 75% garlic leaf green WP at 1000–1500 times or 50% acetamiprid wettable powder at 1000–1500 times for root drenching can also provide good results. Root spraying tends to be more effective than foliar spraying.
By combining these strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the occurrence and impact of garlic white rot, ensuring healthier crops and better yields.
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