High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Winter Maize

High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Winter Maize

Winter corn is typically sown from late October to November and harvested between April and May of the following year. This crop has a unique growth pattern, characterized by weaker root development and a reduced ability to absorb water and nutrients compared to summer-sown corn. As a result, winter corn tends to be shorter in height and has a shorter growing period when using the same variety. The ideal regions for cultivating winter corn are areas above 1,300 meters in elevation and the Jinsha River low-heat valley area. To achieve high yields, farmers should focus on key techniques such as selecting high-quality hybrid varieties, adjusting sowing dates, using plastic film coverage, managing planting density, applying proper fertilization, and controlling pests, diseases, and rodents. First, sowing specifications and density play a crucial role. Based on the variety, local climate, and soil fertility, farmers should determine the best planting layout. For example, using a wide-narrow row system helps optimize space and resource use. In pure-crop settings, the narrow rows are 50 cm wide with two corn plants per row, spaced 40 cm apart, resulting in about 5,000–5,500 plants per mu. In intercropping systems, the narrow rows are narrower (42 cm), with wider spacing between them, allowing for the inclusion of soybeans or potatoes in the wide rows. Second, soil preparation is essential. Before planting, fields must be properly tilled and drained. After plowing, the field should be leveled, and furrows should be created for directional seeding. Corn seeds are usually planted in pairs per hill, with one seedling per hill. Soybean spacing is adjusted accordingly, with 33–40 cm between hills and 13–17 cm within the row. Seeds should be buried deep enough to ensure good moisture absorption and strong germination. Third, fertilization is critical for winter corn. A balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended, along with organic manure and zinc fertilizer. Farmers should apply base fertilizer before planting and top-dress during key growth stages. For instance, the first top-dressing occurs when the plants have 4–5 leaves, followed by a second dose at 6–7 leaves, and a final one during the tasseling stage. Using a top-dressing gun for deep application improves nutrient uptake, and watering before fertilizing helps dissolve the nutrients more effectively. Fourth, covering the fields with plastic film is highly beneficial. Due to lower winter temperatures and less rainfall, the film helps retain soil moisture and warmth, significantly increasing yield. There are two main methods: one involves sowing after covering the film, which results in higher emergence rates, while the other requires pre-covering the soil and making holes for planting. Both methods help protect young plants from cold stress and reduce the risk of damage. Finally, field management throughout the growing season is vital. Watering should be done as needed, especially during dry periods. Timely weeding, pest control, and rodent prevention are also necessary. Frost can be a major threat, so farmers should take preventive measures like burning straw or using antifreeze sprays in vulnerable areas. Proper maintenance ensures healthy plant growth and maximizes the potential yield of winter corn.

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