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Green broccoli cultivation in greenhouse
Cauliflower seedling preparation involves selecting nutrient-rich plots for the nursery bed, especially in autumn. The beds should be enriched with base fertilizer and NPK to ensure adequate nutrition during the early growth stage. For one hectare of planting area, approximately 75–105 square meters are needed for the seedbed, and around 750 square meters for transplanting.
The sowing period is usually advanced by 30–45 days to optimize growth conditions. In autumn greenhouses, where temperatures are relatively high, seedlings should not exceed 30 days. During winter, seedlings can be slightly older, up to 45 days.
Seeding methods include broadcasting or drilling. About 300–450 grams of seeds per hectare are used. After soaking the seeds, they are placed into nursery pots, covered with a thin layer of fine soil (0.8–1 cm thick). For drilling, spacing between rows should be 6–7 cm, with furrows 0.8–1 cm deep. Seeds are placed 0.5–1 cm apart, and watering is done before sowing, followed by covering with soil. Autumn seedlings are typically not transplanted directly.
Nursery management requires maintaining greenhouse temperatures between 20–25°C during the day and ensuring ground temperature stays above 15°C to prevent slow growth. Seedlings usually emerge within 2–3 days. Once they appear, keeping the temperature at 18–20°C helps produce strong seedlings. Watering is limited to avoid root damage, and seedlings are transplanted when they have 2–3 true leaves.
In autumn, when temperatures remain high, shade nets or plastic covers are used to protect the seedbeds from rain and excessive heat. Ventilation is important, and water is occasionally applied to cool the soil. However, care must be taken to avoid overwatering. Autumn seedlings generally do not require additional transplanting due to their short growing period.
Before transplanting, seedlings are watered a day in advance to reduce root disturbance. They are then planted in 12–15 cm² spacing in the transplant beds. After transplanting, timely watering and application of 75 kg of urea per hectare promote healthy growth. Seedlings are ready for field planting when they have 5–7 true leaves.
Seedling management includes careful temperature control. After transplanting, daytime temperatures should stay between 24–25°C, while nighttime temperatures should be 12–13°C. In winter, a small greenhouse cover is used to raise temperatures, and after 3–4 days, the cover is removed to allow cooling. Nighttime temperatures should not drop below 10°C, and one week before planting, temperatures are gradually reduced to 3–4°C to harden the plants.
Watering should be done promptly, every 3–4 days, to encourage slow and steady growth. A thin film may be used to retain moisture and warmth, but it should be removed after thinning the seedlings for 2–3 days. Fertilization is generally minimal, but foliar sprays can be applied as needed to support plant health.
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