Gifford Tilapia Healthy Culture Technology

Giraffa tilapia is a species that has been crossed by the FAO of the world in the Philippines with eight different regions of tilapia, and it has been bred for more than ten years. Because of its rapid growth, high catch-out rate, and good meat yield, it is well adapted to the characteristics of cages and pond feeding conditions and has been recognized by a large number of farmers. However, due to improper use of the culture process, it causes fish mortality, resulting in losses. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases, healthy cultivation techniques should be adopted. The healthy breeding techniques of G. tilapia are summarized as follows:

First, pond preparation

In late March, when the water temperature stabilizes above 18°C, clear ponds can begin. After a winter exposure pond, the use of quick-lime clear ponds can effectively kill bacteria and harmful microorganisms, and at the same time adjust the pH of the bottom mud. The amount is 15kg/mu~20kg/mu, evenly spilled on the bottom of the pond. The water inlet pipe is fastened with a 60-mesh sieve and the drain pipe is set to block the net to prevent wild fish from entering the pond. 3 days to 5 days before planting, the introduction of non-polluting water sources, water depth of 60cm, per acre Fermented chicken manure or pig manure 200 kg ~ 300kg, fertilization water quality, to maintain water transparency 20cm-30cm.

Second, fish species stocking:

1. Selection of tilapia fingerlings for tilapia selection should be based on tidy, healthy, strong, disease-free, clean and complete fish species, and remove fragile, poorly viable and blackened fish species.

2. Disinfect the fish before the pond, soak it in a 10ppm concentration of potassium permanganate solution for 30 seconds to 50 seconds, or use 3% to 5% of the concentration of salt water bath for 1 minute to 3 minutes to kill the parasite Parasites and pathogens on the surface of fish.

3. Stocking densities are based on pond conditions, fish species specifications, and a reasonable stocking density. Pond water and fertilizer, adequate water, specifications for body length lcm ~ 2cm of fish species, breeding density is 1600 / acre to 1800 tail / acre, body length of 3cm ~ 8cm fingerlings, stocking density is 1300 / acre to 1500 /mu. For ponds without flowing conditions, the stocking density should be appropriately reduced.

4. Mixed fish farming The ponds of G. tilapia can be properly mixed with pelagic fish, such as whitefish and squid. The rearing density is 80 to 100 pigs per mu, and 30 to 50 pigs per mu.

three. Feeding management:

1. The feed fed to the fish pond began to feed the artificial compound feed on the second day. The feeding amount was changed according to the different growth stages of the fish species. The body length was 1cm to 3cm, and the daily feeding amount was 10 of the total weight. % ~ 15%, body length is 4cm - 10cm fish species, the daily feeding amount is 5% ~ 8% of the total weight, adult fish breeding stage, feeding amount is 1% ~ 3% of the total weight. Feed 3 times a day. In the early stage of culture, the artificial compound feed is ground into a powder and fed to improve the evenness of the fish school. In the middle and later stages of the culture, the feed is selected and fed directly by a feeding machine.

The amount of fish fed should also be flexibly adjusted according to the fish's health status, water quality, weather conditions, etc. In case of severe weather such as heavy rain or heavy rain, it can be fed less or not, water quality can be reduced, and feeding can also be reduced. the amount. G. tilapia prefers feeding, feeding 80% satisfies it, too much feeding can speed up the metabolism of the fish, easily cause hypoxia and cause death in the middle of the night. In short, feeding should abide by the four principles of "timing, quantitative, qualitative, fixed point."

2. Water quality management Fish farming is water conservation. The quality of pond water quality directly affects the growth and development of G. tilapia. The color of fish ponds cultured with GIFT tilapia is preferably yellow-green, with a water depth of 1.5 m to 2 m. The pH is neutral or slightly alkaline, and the transparency is preferably 20 cm to 30 cm. The water quality can be improved by adding fresh water or using quicklime. The conditional pond can add 10cm to 20cm of fresh water for 5 days to 7 days, and sprinkle lime every 20 days for 8kg/mu. ~ 10kg/mu.

3. The day-to-day management of scientific management is the basic measure for efficient cultivation. Should adhere to the morning and evening patrol ponds, remove dirt, observe the changes in water color, determine the quality of water. Check whether there are floating heads in the fish and whether the feeding and swimming conditions are normal. Determine whether any fish disease has occurred. Every 15 days, a random sample was taken to examine the fat and thinness of the fish population. Through the change in body weight, the growth rate of the fish was calculated and the amount of feeding for the next stage was determined.

IV. Disease Prevention

Preventing the occurrence of diseases is a key task in the entire farming process. Although G. tilapia is resistant to disease, it can also cause bacterial and parasitic diseases such as bacterial enteritis, trichoderma, water mold, streptococcus under poor water quality, long-term rainy weather, and low water temperature. Other diseases. The treatment of common diseases of GIFT tilapia is as follows:

1. Early common diseases of trichodonsis species breeding. Trichodin parasitic on the surface of the fish body and maggots, a large number of parasites can cause fish fleas and body surface secrete a lot of mucus, resulting in sick fish breathing difficulties, slow swimming and death. Appropriate water temperature, outbreak season, all year round, treatment: Use 2% to 3% salt water to soak fish for 15 minutes to 20 minutes, or use copper sulfate and sulfuric acid at a concentration of 0.79/m3 Iron mixture (5:2), after the dissolution Quanchiposa.

2. Diseases that often occur after transporting and moving saprophytic fish species. After the fish body was injured, the water mold infected the wounded area of ​​the body and formed a grey-white cotton-like covering. Diseased fish are slow to move, do not eat, and the surface muscles rot and die. Control methods: Use salt water with a concentration of 2% to 3% to soak fish for 15 minutes to 20 minutes.

3. Bacterial enteritis is one of the high incidences in the breeding process. The water temperature starts to rise above 18°C. The epidemic peak water temperature is 25°C～30°C, and the culture environment is bad. When the fish body resistance is decreased, the disease is prone to outbreak. The anal swollen anal of the diseased fish. After its dissection, the intestinal wall was visually congested and poorly elasticized. There was a lot of pale yellow mucus in the intestine and there was no food. Control methods: Feeding with allicin and feedstuffs after mixing, the amount is every day lOOkg fish fed allicin 29, divided into two feeds in the afternoon, fed 3 days to 5 days.

4. Streptococcus disease is a common and explosive epidemic in the breeding of G. tilapia in recent years. It is prevalent in spring, summer and autumn. The epidemic peak water temperature is 25°C to 37°C. The pathogens are S. iniae and S. agalactiae. At the beginning of the onset, the body became dark and swimming slowly. Some of the diseased fish had prominent eyes. The cornea became cloudy and turbid, and the body was out of balance. At the late onset, the crystals and vitreous were also cloudy, with diffuse hemorrhages at the lower edge of the lower jaw and lid. The abdomen was spotted with spotting or ulcers. Control methods: Use chlorine-containing preparations to disinfect the body of water once a day for 3 days, and use penicillin, ampicillin, polycytidine and other G+ bacterial sensitive drugs at an amount of lOOkg fish body weight, and feed with 1.59 to 59 ingredients per day. Continuous feeding 7 days to 10 days, when the condition is severe, continuous feeding 14 days to 15 days, can effectively control the disease.

The prevention of fish diseases should adhere to the principle of prevention and prevention and control. The aquaculture ponds are sterilized once every 15 days, and bleaching powder and quicklime are used alternately (according to routine disinfection dosage). If any fish disease occurs, the medicine should be prescribed according to the actual situation.

Wand Massager

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