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Gastrodia elata asexual propagation techniques
Gastrodia elata, commonly known as Tianma, is a highly valued medicinal plant that requires specific conditions for successful cultivation. The first step in growing Tianma is selecting an appropriate site. Ideal soil should be deep, loose, well-drained, and rich in organic matter, such as sandy loam or humus-rich soil. Soils like yellow mud, low-lying areas, or gravelly land are generally unsuitable. The location should have fresh, cool, and moist air, ideally under trees or in shaded areas where human and animal trampling is minimal. Proper site preparation involves clearing debris, cutting back dense shrubs, and creating raised beds or digging holes for planting.
Next, preparing the bacterial materials is crucial. Bacterial shoots can be made from eucalyptus or birch wood, cut into 8–10 cm pieces at an angle. For bacterial sticks, use broadleaf trees like eucalyptus or birch, selecting trunks or branches 5–10 cm thick and cutting them to 40–60 cm in length. Make small cuts every 3–5 cm on each side or three sides of the stick, exposing the xylem. To enhance growth, soak the sticks in a nutrient solution containing 50 kg of water, 0.5 kg of ammonium chloride, and 0.5 kg of magnesium sulfate for an hour. After soaking, dry the sticks before use.
Vegetative propagation using tubers is the most common method. Healthy tubers—preferably white hemp with a weight between 2.5 and 20 grams—are selected as seed material. White hemp is preferred over rice or arrowhead hemp due to its faster growth and higher reproductive potential. All tubers must be disease-free, undamaged, and fully developed. Planting can occur in spring (around May) or autumn (after October). When planting, place a layer of leaves at the bottom of the bed, insert the bacterial sticks, and space them 3–5 cm apart. Fill the hole with soil, then add the bacterial strains and tubers in layers, covering with more leaves and soil. A final layer of 10 cm of humus completes the planting process.
Field management is essential for healthy growth. Maintain consistent moisture by watering regularly, keeping the soil humidity between 50% and 60%. During rainy seasons, ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging. In winter, cover the beds with soil, leaves, or plastic to protect against frost. Disease and pest control focus on preventing bacterial infections. Use fresh, high-quality bacterial sticks, choose well-drained sites, maintain pure and sufficient bacterial cultures, and monitor temperature and humidity closely.
Harvesting occurs during the dormant period, typically in late autumn or early spring. Remove the top layer of soil and bacteria, then collect the tubers. Larger tubers are processed for sale, while smaller ones are saved for planting. Processing involves washing, peeling, steaming or boiling, and drying. These steps help preserve the quality and medicinal value of the harvested Gastrodia elata.